ʻO ka polyurethane kahi mea kemika hou.Ma muli o kāna hana maikaʻi loa a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka "lima nui plastic".Mai nā lako, nā lole, ka lawe ʻana, ke kūkulu ʻana, nā haʻuki, a me ka aerospace a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pale aupuni, ʻo nā mea polyurethane ubiquitous he mau ʻelele hou o nā mea kemika hou a he kākoʻo koʻikoʻi no koʻu ʻāina e kūkulu i ʻāina ikaika.
Ma hope o 20 mau makahiki o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana i ka ʻoihana polyurethane raw material, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka loli mai ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka leo-i ka hoʻololi.ʻO ka ʻenehana hana a me ka hiki ke hana o isocyanate i alakaʻi i ka honua.Ua komo i ka manawa o ka hoʻolaha ʻenehana i komo i ka hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe.I kēia manawa, ua lilo ʻo Kina i ka honua nui loa o ka polyurethane raw material a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā huahana, a me ka ʻāina piha loa i ke kahua o nā noi polyurethane.
Ma ke ʻano he kī nui no ka polyurethane, ʻo nā mea hoʻonui polyurethane nā mea i hiki ke hana me nā hopena hui hana ma ke kaulahao polymer laina e hoʻonui i ke kaulahao mole a hoʻonui i ke kaumaha mole.He mea waiwai nui ia no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana polyurethane he nui.I ka synthesis o nā mea polyurethane, hiki i nā mea hoʻonui polyurethane ke hoʻokō i ʻelua mau hopena kemika: ka hoʻonui a me ka hoʻopili ʻana e hoʻokō i ka hana kiʻekiʻe, kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka polyurethane mea hana, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka paʻakikī, elasticity, a me ka haehae degere o nā huahana polyurethane, a me ke degere o ka haehae ana.ʻO ke kinona a me ke kemika ka hana piha o ka pale wela, ke kūʻai ʻaila, ke kū ʻana i ka wā a me ke kū ʻana o ka corrosion.
一、ʻO ke kuleana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane
ʻO ka mea hoʻonui polyurethane e pili ana i ka amine haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā pūhui waiʻona i loaʻa i ʻelua mau pūʻulu hana, hiki ke hoʻohua i kahi polymer line-type ma o ka hopena hoʻonui kaulahao.Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao like ʻole, a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano hoʻonui kaulahao, loaʻa nā hopena kemika o nā helu like ʻole, a hana ʻia nā mea polyurethane me nā koi hana like ʻole.
ʻO ka hana o nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane i ka polyurethane synthesis reactions ka mea nui:
(1) He pūʻulu hiʻohiʻona ko ka polyurethane chain expansion agent (amino and hydroxyl group) hiki ke hana i nā hopena kemika me ka isocyanate.Hiki i ka paona molekala a me ka hopena ola ke hoʻonui a paʻa paha ka ʻōnaehana hopena polyurethane, e hoʻohua i kahi laina me ke kaumaha molekala ʻoi aku ka hana o ka polymer.
(2) Loaʻa i nā mea hoʻopaneʻe kaulahao ʻokoʻa ka reactivity.Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao a me ka dosage, hoʻoponopono i ka viscosity reactor, nā molekala a me nā hale morphological e hoʻololi i ka hana polyurethane a me nā huahana o nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole a me nā koi o ka maikaʻi.
(3) Hiki i nā mea hoʻonui polyurethane ʻokoʻa ke hāʻawi i ka polyurethane i nā waiwai like ʻole, a ua hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau hui pūʻulu hiʻohiʻona i loko o ke kaulahao nui o ka polyurethane, e pili ana i ka mechanics a me ka hana piha o ka polyurethane, e like me ka ikaika a me ke kūpaʻa abrasion. -defiring luhi, pale wela, kū'ē i ka wā, kū'ē i ka aila, kū'ē i ka corrosion, etc.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻonui polyurethane i ka amine, ka waiʻona, a me ka waiʻona.Mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana kaʻina hana a me nā hoʻolālā hana, hoʻokumu ʻia ka dilate a me ka diol i ka ʻōnaehana kaʻina hana a me ka hoʻolālā hana.ʻO nā mea hoʻolaha kaulahao dilate-type maʻamau e like me ka ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanol, a me ka dihydramol hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua kaupalena ka hana i nā huahana polyurethane, a he mau mea hoʻonui kaulahao maʻamau.ʻO ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao me ka hana maopopo o nā mea polyurethane ka nui o nā ʻāpana ʻelua: aromatic dihanramine a me aromatic diol.Kapa ʻia ʻo ia he mea hoʻonui kaulahao kiʻekiʻe.Hōʻike ʻia ia e kahi apo benzene paʻa.Ka mana, ke kū'ē abrasion, ke kū'ē waena a me nā waiwai'ē aʻe.
ʻO ka mea hoʻonui diharamine aromatic ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻohui kī nui no ka synthetic polyurethane elastic series material.ʻO ka mea hoʻonui nui loa, ʻoi aku ka ʻino, a me ka nui loa o ka polyurethane chain expansion agent.
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā kino elastic polyurethane kuʻuna me nā ʻenehana ʻelua-step, ʻo ia hoʻi, synthetic prematures, a laila hoʻopili me nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao no ka paʻa.Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka isocyanate, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻano TDI a me MDI.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ʻelua, he haʻahaʻa ka hana hoʻokō mua o ka TDI, a ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao amine ikaika loa;He kiʻekiʻe ka hana hoʻonā prefabricated MDI, a ʻo ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao hydroxy-based me ka sila hydroxyl-based haʻahaʻa.E like me nā koi o nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohana a me ka hana huahana, he mea nui loa ke koho ʻana i ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao kūpono ma hope o ke koho ʻana ma hope o ke ʻano o ka isocyanate.
二、High-performance polyurethane chain hoʻonui i nā ʻano huahana a me nā hiʻohiʻona noi
2.1 ʻO ka mea nui arammer dihan amine kaulahao hoʻonui
Ma muli o kāna hana maikaʻi loa a me ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka aromatic dihamine dilation agent ka mea maʻamau a hoʻohana nui ʻia ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao i nā mea polyurethane elastic.
ʻO nā mea hoʻonui hoʻonui dianramine aromatic i hoʻohana nui ʻia he 3, 3′-dichlori-4, 4′-diodes (MOCA: ʻano I, ʻano Ⅱ, kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, etc.), 1,3-propylene glycol Double (4-amino benzoate ) (740m), 4,4′-sub-base-double (3-chlorine-2,6-diecene aniline) (M-CDEA), polyphamorethyl ether Diol ʻelua-paa aminbenzoate (P-1000, P-650, P -250, etc.), 3,5-ʻelua ethylene torneramine (DETDA, i kapa ʻia ʻo E-100), 3,5-diracle Sulfenylene (DMTDA, ʻike ʻia ʻo E-300) a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka ʻike o nā hiʻohiʻona noi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā huahana nui penei:
ʻO ka ʻoihana hoʻonui kaulahao MOCA ʻo ia ka ʻoihana hoʻolaha kaulahao hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i hoʻopukapuka ʻia i ka hana ʻenehana i koʻu ʻāina.He kūlana paʻa ma ka lumi wela.Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o nā huahana polyurethane i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka palekana a me ka maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā ʻano o nā kikoʻī a me nā ʻano like ʻole.ʻO ka elasticity o nā polyurethanes he kiʻekiʻe -intensity, kiʻekiʻe -rebound, kiʻekiʻe-wear-resistant, kū'ē kū'ē, kū'ē i ka corrosion a me nā mea kiko'ī'ē aʻe.Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā huahana nui.He hana holoʻokoʻa ia o nā mea hoʻonui dilate aromatic.Mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana o DuPont i nā makahiki 1950, ua noho ʻo MOCA i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ma ke kahua o ka polyurethane elasticity.ʻO ia ka polyurethane chain expansion agent nui loa i kēia manawa.ʻOi aku ka pono o ka ninini ʻana i ka elasticity polyurethane.I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea hana MOCA kaulana loa ma Kina: Suzhou Xiangyuan New Materials Co., Ltd. (subsidiary Jiangsu Xiangyuan Chemical Company), Huaibei Xingguang New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong Chongshun New Material Technology Co., Ltd. Hua Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (ma mua ʻo Binhai Mingsheng Chemical Co., Ltd.), Chizhou Tianci High -tech Materials Co., Ltd., he mea hou aku, aia nō ʻo Taiwan Shuangbang Industrial Co., Ltd., Taiwan Sanhuang Co. ., Ltd., a me Katshan Kohshan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o nā hui Kina, ua piʻi nui ka ʻenehana hana a MOCA.No ka laʻana, Xiangyuan New Materials lanakila i ka pilikia o ka limahana hana ola kino, pollution koʻikoʻi, a me ka lawa ole paʻa o ka intermittent hana o hydrogenation o hydrogenation o hydrogenation o hydrogenation.ʻO ke ʻano hoʻomau ka catalyzes i ka hydrogen hydrogenation o nā acoustics kiʻekiʻe-purity a me nā kaʻina hana MOCA, ʻike i ka automation, hoʻopili piha ʻia, hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻike i nā solvents, ka lepo ʻole, ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻole.Ua lilo ka mea hana hoʻomau MOCA i mea hana huahana kaulana o ka polyurethane chain expansion agent.
Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomohala ʻo Xiangyuan New Materials i ka Xylink740M a me Xylink P series chain expansion agents, e ʻike ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia ʻano huahana, e hāpai ana i nā mea hana polyurethane e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi, hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai, a hoʻonui i nā noi.
2.2 ʻO ka mea hoʻonui nui diol aromatic dilateral
ʻO nā mea hoʻoheheʻe diol aromatic i hoʻohana mau ʻia, ʻo ia ka phenyl-phenolic hydroxyxyl-based ether (HQEE), interciphenylbenols, hydroxyl ether (HER), a me ka hydroxyethyl-based phenolic pyrodhenol mixture (HQEE-L ), Hydroxyethylhhexybenol mixture (HER-L), etc., hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā mea polyurethane no nā ʻōnaehana kaʻina MDI, kahi mea hoʻonui kaulahao non-toxic a pollution-type.ʻO ka ʻike o nā hiʻohiʻona noi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā huahana nui penei:
ʻO HQEE chain expansion agent he molecular structure symmetrical aromatic diol expansion agent.He ʻāpana paʻa, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, pollution-free, a hoʻonāukiuki.He kūpono maikaʻi me MDI a hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o ka mea.Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Xiangyuan New Materials HQEE, HER, Xylink HQEE-L, Xylinkher-L series chain expansion agents.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā huahana like ma ka home a ma waho, a kūʻai ʻia nā huahana ma ka home a ma waho.
2.3 ʻO nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao ʻē aʻe me ka hana kūikawā
Me ka piʻi ʻana o nā māla e puka mai ana ka polyurethane, ua hoʻomau mau ʻia nā mea hoʻonui polyurethane hou a me ka ʻenehana noi e hoʻokō i ka noi no ka mākeke polyurethane.Ua hoʻomohala nā ʻoihana hana i nā ʻano mea hana kūikawā hoʻonui kaulahao mea hoʻonui.
ʻO Tianmen Winterine (DMD230) kahi hoʻonui kaulahao i loaʻa i ʻelua beam amino-free, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻole a kiʻekiʻe paha.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā polyettes spray maʻamau, loaʻa i ka huahana ka pane haʻahaʻa, ka hana hana maikaʻi, ka maikaʻi o ke kūkulu ʻana, a me ka hana piha piha o ka huahana.Loaʻa iā ia kahi'ōlinolino maikaʻi a me nā hopena iʻikeʻia me nā polycoges i ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka polycisotripocyanate momona chloride, ka loli maikaʻi a me nā waiwai mechanical, nā hoʻololi melemele melemele-kū'ē, ke kū'ēʻana i ka corrosion maikaʻi, ke kūʻana o ka wā, a me ka pale lōʻihi.Ma waho aʻe o nā alahaka, nā tunnels, a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka papahele a me nā hōʻailona alanui, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi kiʻekiʻe e like me nā pale pale a me nā helicopter composite ʻili ʻili o ka makani makani.ʻO ka hana ʻenehana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kēia huahana e kōkua i ka hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe o nā uhi.
ʻO ka dispersal (311) o ka diharamine aromatic a me ka sodium chloride pūhui (311) he ʻano hoʻohālikelike o ka diharamine ʻala a me nā paʻakai inorganic.Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano polyurethane pre-polystant ma ka lumi wela.He kūpono loa ia no nā ʻano paʻakikī a nui paha.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana wahi, microwave vulcanization, a me nā manawa ʻē aʻe e pono ai ka lōʻihi o ka hana ʻana ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau no ka resin epoxy.ʻO nā huahana like me Caytur 31DA ma United States, Xylink 311, Xiangyuan New Materials.
Hiki i nā lāʻau lapaʻau submarine ʻē aʻe e like me oxidazole, ketone amine, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ke hōʻemi i ka hiki ke uhi ʻia a i ʻole nā huahana ʻē aʻe e hoʻohua ai i nā ʻōpū i ka papa waena o ka hoʻōla ʻana, a he lumi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
三、Ke kūlana hoʻomohala o nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane
ʻO ka ʻoihana hoʻonui polyurethane o koʻu ʻāina he kumu hoʻomohala haʻahaʻa.I nā lā mua, ua hoʻohana mau ʻia ka mākeke hoʻonui polyurethane chain e nā ʻoihana multinational.Mai ke komo ʻana i kēia kenekulia, ua lanakila ka hui o nā hui hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane kūloko i hōʻike ʻia e Xiangyuan New Materials i nā monopoli ʻē aʻe ma hope o nā makahiki o ka R&D a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻenehana.ʻO kekahi o nā huahana hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane o koʻu ʻāina ua hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā huahana honua like.
Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonui nui amine polyurethane hoʻonui, ʻo ke kaʻina hana o MOCA he makua, paʻa, haʻahaʻa, a kūpono i ka pane.Ma ke kahua o ka ninini ʻana i ke kino elastic i nā noi i lalo, ʻoi aku ka ʻōnaehana TDI, ua hōʻiliʻili ka nui o nā huahana polyurethane i kahi helu nui o nā ʻano o nā huahana polyurethane mature formula Essence MOCA ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o ka mākeke a me ka mea kūʻai aku. hoʻomaʻamaʻa.He kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai.Ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pale kaʻina hana.He kuleana koʻikoʻi kona, a ke hoʻonui mau nei ke kahua noi.
ʻO ka European Chemical Administration, ma ke ʻano he keʻena e mālama ana i ka EU Reach certification, i hoʻopuka i kahi hōʻike ma Nowemapa 30, 2017. Ma hope o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā pilikia palekana, hana, a me nā kumukūʻai kumukūʻai, ua manaʻo ʻia ma ke kahua o ka polyurethane elastic body, ka maikaʻi o ka huahana o MOCA He kūlana koʻikoʻi ka hana, ke kumukūʻai a me nā pono ʻē aʻe, a ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe i kēia manawa.
Ua hoʻomaka lohi ka ʻoihana hoʻonui polyurethane Kina.I nā lā mua, ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nāwaliwali ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai, a me ka lawa ʻole o nā kālena R&D, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka mākeke polyurethane chain expansion home no nā ʻoihana multinational.A hiki i ka 1990s, he nui o ka hale polyurethane kaulahao hoʻonui mea hana i haki i nā monopoli ʻenehana haole ma hope o nā makahiki o R & D a me ka ʻenehana hōʻiliʻili, a hiki i ka hana o kekahi mau huahana hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā huahana honua like.ʻO ka mea nui, ua alakaʻi nā mea hou a Xiangyuan i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi mea hana hana MOCA mau 10,000-ton-level.ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka pae ʻenehana i hiki i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka honua a me ka pae alakaʻi kūloko.I kēia manawa, ua hiki i nā mea hana MOCA home ke hoʻokō i nā koi o ka ionamine manuahi.ʻO ka MOCA granular a me ke kiʻekiʻe-temperature melemele - hoʻololi MOCA i nā huahana MOCA moʻo i makemake ʻia e ka ʻoihana polyurethane.
ʻO ka papahana "ʻumikumamālua mau makahiki ʻelima no ka" hoʻolālā ʻumikūmālua mau makahiki ʻelima "o ka ʻoihana polyurethane e manaʻo nei e hoʻonui i ka pae hana o ka hoʻonui kaulahao kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe MOCA, ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao hou MCDEA, E-100 , HER, HQEE a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui ʻia.Ma muli o nā huahana moʻo MOCA, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea polyurethane a me nā huahana, ua puka pū kekahi mau huahana hoʻonui kaulahao hou, e hana ana i kahi hoʻolālā ʻokoʻa me nā huahana MOCA.
Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka noiʻi ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua loaʻa i nā huahana hou o nā mea hoʻonui kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaulahao aromatic i nā pono kikoʻī i ka wikiwiki o ka pane ʻana, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ka hana ʻana, ka palekana a me ka pale kaiapuni.Ua oʻo mālie ka palapala noi, a ke hoʻomau nei ka nui o ka noi.No ka laʻana, ʻo P-1000, P650, P250, 740M, ma muli o kona ʻōmaʻomaʻo, pili kaiapuni, nā ʻano mea ʻawaʻawa ʻole, wehe mālie i ka mākeke noi ma nā kahua he nui.I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana MDI e pili ana i ka kaiapuni, ua hoʻonui mālie ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe hoʻoheheʻe dil dilateral kiʻekiʻe e like me HQEE a me HER me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a kūpono me ka ʻōnaehana MDI, e hāʻawi ana i ka elasticity polyurethane. maikaʻi kino maikaʻi Nā hana kūikawā e like me ke kūpaʻa wela a me ka ikaika o ka waimaka.Ma kahi o ka hana ʻana i nā huahana ninini, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā huahana thermoplastic elastomic kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻomaha.Ma nā wahi noi me nā koi hana kiʻekiʻe no nā mea polyurethane i nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia a me kekahi mau mea polyurethane, nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao e like me 740m, HQEE, HER e hoʻonui ana i ka noi.Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka mea hoʻolaha kaulahao hou i nā pono i ka mahele kikoʻī, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka paepae ʻenehana.I kēia manawa, aia ka mākeke kūloko i ka pae hoʻolaha noi.
四、Ke kumu hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane
Ua hōʻiliʻili ka ʻoihana polyurethane ma ʻAmelika ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa i nā makahiki he mau makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana.Loaʻa i ka ʻoihana ka ikaika ʻenehana ikaika i ka ʻoihana, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mākeke.I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā koi o nā mea kūʻai aku ma kēia mau wahi no nā huahana polyurethane, a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka noi no nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao hou ma mua o MOCA.I kēia manawa, noho nā ʻāina hoʻomohala e like me ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka mahele nui o ka noi no nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao hou.
ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka polyurethane ma ka ʻāina ʻo Asia-Pacific a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e ulu nei ke lilo nei i mea ikaika nui no ka noi polyurethane honua.I waena o lākou, ʻo ka ʻāina ʻo Asia-Pacific ka mākeke kūʻai polyurethane nui loa o ka honua, e helu ana ma kahi o 48% o ka māhele mākeke honua;ʻO nā'āina'ē aʻe e puka mai ana e like me India, Brazil, Mexico, a me nā mea'ē aʻe, ke piʻi nui nei ka noi no ka polyurethane i nā hale, nā mea hale, nā lako hale a me nāʻoihana'ē aʻe.Eia naʻe, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, aia kekahi o kēia mau wahi i kēia mau ʻāina i ka wā mua o ka ʻoihana.Kūleʻa nui lākou i ke kumukūʻai o nā mea waiwai i loko o ka ʻoihana polyurethane a uku nui i ka uku a me ka hana kumu.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e mālama mau ana kēia wahi i kahi koi kiʻekiʻe no nā MOCA kiʻekiʻe.
I kēia manawa, ʻo nā hui hoʻonui polyurethane nui nui ma ka honua, e like me Kazaka Kagosan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd., ka United States Air Chemical (Winchuang acquisition ma 2016), a me United States Coco (loaʻa iā Langsheng i 2017), etc. ., Monopolized ka honua Ka hapa nui o ka makeke o ke kaulahao hoʻonui 'elele, kekahi poe liilii i ole i ka hoʻomaikaʻi 'ana o ka 'oihana - kulanui - noiʻi nenoai ua hoʻopau 'ia e ka hopena o ka huahana maikaʻi a me ke kumukuai, a me ka noonoo ana o ke kaulahao. ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ka ʻoihana hoʻonui.Ma ka manawa like, hilinaʻi pū nā hui nui i ka ikaika o ke kapikala ikaika a me ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻoihana maka a me ka pae hana huahana, a hoʻokumu i ka monopoly transnational nui -scale production bases a me ke kūʻai aku a me nā kikowaena R&D i nā wahi me nā kumuwaiwai maikaʻi loa. makeke, a me na kulana hana.
5. ʻO ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea hoʻonui polyurethane
Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi no nā mea polyurethane, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hoʻonui polyurethane i ka ʻōnaehana CASE (me ka uhi ʻana, nā adhesives, sealing a me nā kino elastic) i nā mea polyurethane.I waena o lākou, ʻo ka polyurethane elastic body kahi mea synthetic polymer ma waena o ka ʻōpala maʻamau a me ka plastic.Loaʻa iā ia ka elasticity kiʻekiʻe o ka rubber a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o ka plastic.5 a 10 mau manawa), loaʻa iā ia ka inoa ʻo "ke aliʻi o ka lole pale pale" a he ikaika ikaika kona, ʻaila kūʻē, kūʻē kemika, kūpaʻa flexion a me ke kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka hana insulation.Ma waho aʻe o ke ʻano ninini maʻamau a me ka thermoplastic polyurethane elastic body, polyurethane elastic body material pū kekahi me nā mea hoʻopili, nā uhi, sila ʻana, nā mea paving, sole, ʻili synthetic, fiber, etc. i lilo i mau mea polyurethane elastic.Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka pae ʻenehana, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka polyurethane elasticity i ka rubber, plastics, a me nā metala ma nā ʻano like ʻole e like me nā kaʻa, nā mines, ka paʻi ʻana, nā mea hana, ka hana mīkini, nā haʻuki, a me ka halihali.
Wahi a nā helu helu mai nā hui kūpono, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana o ka Chinese polyurethane CASE (elastic body, coatings, synthetic leather, sealing and adhesives) i 2021 he 7.77 miliona tons, a ʻo ka awelika o ka ulu makahiki he 11.5% ma 2016-2021 he 11.5%.
ʻO ka elasticity o ka polyurethane Kina i ka makahiki 2016 he 925,000 tons, a ʻo ka huahana ma 2021 i hōʻea i 1.5 miliona tons, me ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki he 10.2%;ʻo ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki he 12.5%.Ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki i ka 2025, hiki i ka polyurethane elastic body output o koʻu ʻāina i ka 2.059 miliona tons, aia nō ia i ka ulu wikiwiki.
Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ua hiki i ka honua holoʻokoʻa o nā elastomers polyurethane i 2.52 miliona tons ma 2016 a me 3.539 miliona tons i 2021, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o 7.0%.Ma ka 2025, manaʻo ʻia ka hana honua o ka polyurethane elastomer e hiki i 4.495 miliona tons, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano hoʻomohala wikiwiki a paʻa.
ʻO ka thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) he kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa.ʻO kona ikaika tensile he kiʻekiʻe, elongated, ʻaila-kūpaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kū i ka wā, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pale ozone, a ākea ka laulā o ka paʻakikī.I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka noi mākeke o TPU mai ka ʻoihana kāmaʻa i nā kahua mākeke kiʻekiʻe e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka mokulele, a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni.Wahi a nā helu helu, mai 2014 a i 2021, ʻo ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka hui ʻana o ka TPU i Kina he 14.5%.I ka makahiki 2021, ʻo ka hoʻopuka TPU o koʻu ʻāina ma kahi o 645,000 tons.ua lilo koʻu ʻāina i ʻāina hana TPU nui loa ma ka honua.Ua hoʻonui mau ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻopuka a me ka nui o ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā makahiki i hala.
Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka noi, ke kū nei ka mākeke TPU honua i kēia manawa ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me Asia-Pacific.I waena o lākou, ʻo ka ʻāina ʻĀsia i alakaʻi ʻia e Kina ka wikiwiki wikiwiki o ka mākeke kūloko i ka hoʻohana TPU honua.Wahi a nā helu helu o ka Elastic Special Committee o ka China Polyurethane Industry Association, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana polyurethane ma koʻu ʻāina i ka makahiki 2018 i hōʻea i 11.3 miliona tons, kahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā elastomers polyurethane (TPU + CPU) ma kahi o 1.1 miliona tons % .
ʻO TPU kekahi o nā huahana me ka ulu wikiwiki o ka polyurethane i ka wā e hiki mai ana.ua lilo koʻu ʻāina i ʻāina kūʻai TPU nui loa ma ka honua.Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻo ka awelika o ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka TPU o Kina i ka makahiki 2017-2021 he kiʻekiʻe e like me 12.9%, ʻo ia ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana ma 2021 he 602,000 tons, kahi hoʻonui o 11.6% makahiki-ma-makahiki.Ma muli o ka hoʻopuka TPU honua o 1.09 miliona tons ma 2021, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana TPU kūloko ma mua o ka hapalua o ka honua.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā pono o nā mea kāmaʻa, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā paipu, a me nā uea.Ma ke kahua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā kaula uwea, a me ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, e hoʻololi hou ia i nā mea PVC kuʻuna.Hiki paha ke pani i ka EVA ma ke kahua mea kāma'a.Ua manaʻo ʻia e noho ka TPU i 10 i ka wā e hiki mai ana 10 10 %A i ʻole ka ulu ulu ʻana.Ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma kahi o 900,000 tons e 2026.
Me ka hoʻonui lohi ʻana o ka nui o ka hana, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana polyurethane elastic, ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mākeke, a wikiwiki ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana.I loko o ka manawa "Hoʻolālā ʻumikumamāhā ʻelima makahiki", pono e hoʻoikaika ikaika ka ʻoihana hihia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana i ke ʻano o ka wai-oriented, solventless, a me ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe;e hoʻonui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o CASE a me ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana synthetic o ka hoʻolālā kumu kumu, e kālele ana i ka wai polytianmen -to -pyrodramine polyphonus Application;e kālele ana i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kumumanaʻo kumu wai a me ka noiʻi ʻenehana ʻenehana;hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana huahana, hoʻomohala i nā huahana hou, hoʻonui i ke kahua noi, a hoʻoikaika i ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hou ma ke ala kaʻaahi, ke alaloa, ke alahaka, ka hoʻoili mana, a me ka noi ʻana o ke kahua lapaʻau;e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻohana ʻenehana o nā polyurethane adhesives no zero formaldehyde e hoʻohui i nā papa hana;hoʻomohala i nā huahana ʻokoʻa, hana, a me ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe - i hoʻohui ʻia i nā huahana amonia;e hoʻoikaika i ka ʻenehana noiʻi a me ka noi ʻana o ka polyurethane waterproof material structure, ka hana, ka lōʻihi o ka manawa;Hoʻolaha i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea polyurethane i nā hale hana mua.
ʻO nā kuhikuhi hoʻomohala nui o ke kahua elastomer:
Polyurethane elastomers no nā kaʻa.Ke ulu nei ka ʻoihana kaʻa o kēia lā i ka hana kiʻekiʻe, kūlana kiʻekiʻe, kaumaha māmā, hōʻoluʻolu a palekana.Ke hoʻololi mālie nei ka Rubber a me ka plastic synthetic i nā mea metala, e wehe ana i kahi ākea ākea no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā elastomers polyurethane.
Polyurethane elastomers no ka hana.Ua hoʻololi mālie ʻia ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kuʻuna i manaʻo ʻia i ka wai ʻole e nā mea paʻa paʻa, hoʻohui i ka polyurethane wai wai;ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka track haʻuki polyurethane.ʻO nā hui hoʻonui o nā Alahaka nui, kahi moe o ke kaʻaahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ke kahua mokulele a me ke alaloa caulking ua hana mālie ʻia me ka PVC elastomer i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lumi wela.
Polyurethane elastomer no ka'u hoohana ana.Loaʻa ka noi nui no nā mea ʻaʻole metala me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka elasticity i nā mines lanahu, metala a me nā mines non-metal.
Polyurethane elastomer no nā kāmaʻa.Loaʻa i ka elasticity polychloride ester ka maikaʻi o ka hana buffering maikaʻi, ke kaumaha māmā, ka pale ʻana i ka lole, ka pale ʻana i ka skid, a pēlā aku, ua lilo i mea kākoʻo koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana kāmaʻa.
Polyurethane elastomer no ka hoʻohana lāʻau.ʻO ka biocompatibility maikaʻi, ka pili koko a ʻaʻohe mea hoʻohui i nā kumu nui no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea TPU a me nā mea CPU i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.ʻO kāna noi ma ke kahua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke olakino he ākea loa.
ʻO ka pepa polyurethane hou.Manaʻo ʻia ka ʻenehana mea hoʻohui e lawe mai i kahi manawa pahū mākeke hou no nā elastomers polyurethane.
六、Polyurethane kaulahao hoʻonui ʻoihana "14th Five-Year Plan" ulu ulu
Mai ka hiʻohiʻona honua, ʻo ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ke kahua kūkulu, ʻoihana kaʻa, nā lako ʻike uila, ka ikehu hou a me nā ʻoihana mālama kaiapuni i hoʻoikaika nui i ka noi no nā huahana polyurethane.Ke hoʻomau nei ka poʻe nunui polyurethane honua i ka ʻenehana a me ka noi, a e hoʻomau i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā huahana polyurethane hou.Me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā huahana polyurethane i ke kula a me ke ʻano o ka mākeke terminal downstream, ʻo ke koi ʻokoʻa no nā huahana polyurethane e hāpai i ka hoʻomau mau a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kaulahao kaulahao polyurethane.
I nā makahiki he 10 e hiki mai ana, e ulu wikiwiki ana ka noi ʻana o nā huahana polyurethane ma kekahi mau wahi niche.Hoʻopili ka poʻe loea i ka ʻoihana e piʻi ka noi honua no ka polyurethane ma kahi o 4.5% i kēlā me kēia makahiki.Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka awelika o ka ulu makahiki o ka noi polyurethane i manaʻo ʻia he 5.7% ma nā kahua o ka refrigeration, kāmaʻa, textiles, leʻaleʻa a me nā māla ʻē aʻe.Ua piʻi iki ka noi ma ka māla huahana, a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ma kahi o 3.3% i kēlā me kēia makahiki.Ua kākoʻo ʻia nā ʻāina e kū mai ana ma ka ʻāina ʻo Asia-Pacific e ka ʻenehana hou e hoʻonui i nā noi i lalo, a ʻo ke koi ʻana i nā polyurethanes e piʻi i kahi helu ulu pālua i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Ma ke ʻano he kumu waiwai nui no ka ʻoihana polyurethane, pono e hoʻokō pono ka ʻoihana hoʻohui polyurethane o koʻu ʻāina i ka manaʻo hoʻomohala hou.Ma lalo iho nei, ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana polyurethane, me ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻoihana polyurethane e hoʻolalelale i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻano hoʻomohala hou o "dual-cycle", e kālele ana i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, haʻahaʻa -carbon, a me nā kikohoʻe. hoʻololi., Hoʻoikaika i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻoihana hou, hoʻolaha i nā "pōkole" o nā huahana kiʻekiʻe, "hopu kiʻekiʻe" kiʻekiʻe ʻenehana, "wehe i ke ala hou" i nā huahana kuʻuna, a hoʻolaha i koʻu ʻāina e neʻe mai ka polyurethane i kahi ʻāina ikaika.
I kēia manawa, ua lilo ka polyurethane chain extender i hoʻokahi o nā mea pono polyurethane pono no nā papahana ʻoihana nui.Ke hoʻonui nei ka ʻoihana polyurethane chain extender i ka hoʻopukapuka hou ʻana, e hoʻomohala ana i ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ka hana kiʻekiʻe a me ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe.Ke kau nei i nā pono o ka aerospace, ka ʻike uila, ka ikehu hou, nā kaʻa, nā kaʻa kaʻa kiʻekiʻe, ke kaʻaahi kaʻaahi, nā alaloa, nā alahaka nui, nā ʻoihana mālama olakino a me nā ʻoihana pale aupuni, ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana ʻenehana polyurethane hou e hoʻonui i ka ʻenehana. pae hoʻomohala holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻoihana polyurethane.
ʻO ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana polyurethane chain extender ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana hoʻonui kiʻekiʻe, nā kaulahao ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka hana ʻoi aku ka palekana o ke kaiapuni.ʻAʻole ia he maʻemaʻe a me ka pollution-free i ke kaʻina hana, akā palekana a ʻōmaʻomaʻo hoʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina hana e hāpai i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka hana hana huahana polyurethane.ʻO ka lua, e hoʻonui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana extender kaulahao i kēia manawa, i mea e piha ai ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao ʻoihana i kēia manawa i ka ikaika noi hou.ʻO ka pae ʻenehana o kekahi mau ʻoihana hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane kūloko e like me nā hui multinational, akā pono ka noiʻi noiʻi hou aʻe e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea hoʻohana hou aku i ka maikaʻi o nā huahana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā huahana diamine aromatic wai me ka hana maʻalahi a me ka hana maikaʻi. e hoʻoikaika i ka hopena synergistic o ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao e mālama i ka ikehu a hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana a me ke kumukūʻai.ʻO ke kolu o ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana i nā huahana hou e like me ka makemake o ka mākeke, e hāʻawi i nā huahana kūpono a kiʻekiʻe aʻe no ka ʻoihana polyurethane, e hoʻokō i nā pono o ka mākeke o lalo a hoʻonui i ke ʻano o ka noi.
No nā mea elastic polyurethane, he mea koʻikoʻi ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao me ka nui a me ka waiwai hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe, he mea nui ia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana huahana.Eia kekahi, i loko o nā mea polyurethane ʻē aʻe a me nā plastics foam, polyurethane chain extender he hopena maopopo i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana huahana.I ka ʻoihana polyurethane, nui ka māke kūʻai polyurethane chain extender.I mea e hoʻoikaika a alakaʻi i ka hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana polyurethane, pono ia e hoʻoikaika i ka noiʻi noiʻi a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke kaulahao polyurethane extender, a hoʻomohala i nā ʻano ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me nā ʻano o ka polyurethane chain extender ma lalo o ka manaʻo o ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino, ikehu. mālama, palekana a me ka hoʻomalu kaiapuni a me ka hana noi, i mea e hāʻawi nui ai i ke ola maikaʻi o ke kanaka.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-08-2023