Ke alakaʻi nei ke koi no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaulahao polyurethane hana kiʻekiʻe i ka ulu ʻana i manaʻo ʻia

He mea kemika hou koʻikoʻi ka Polyurethane. Ma muli o kāna hana maikaʻi loa a me ka hoʻohana like ʻole, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka "plastic ʻelima nui loa". Mai nā lako hale, nā lole, a hiki i ka halihali, ke kūkulu ʻana, nā haʻuki, a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka aerospace a me ka pale kaua aupuni, ʻo nā mea polyurethane ma nā wahi āpau he mau ʻelele hou o nā mea kemika hou a he kākoʻo koʻikoʻi no koʻu ʻāina e kūkulu i kahi ʻāina ikaika.

Ma hope o nā makahiki he 20 a ʻoi o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana mea maka polyurethane, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi loli mai ka nui a i ka maikaʻi. ʻO ka ʻenehana hana a me ka hiki ke hana o ka isocyanate ua kūlana alakaʻi i ka honua. Ua komo i loko o kahi manawa o ka hoʻolaha ʻenehana i komo i ka hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe. I kēia manawa, ua lilo ʻo Kina i kahua hana mea maka polyurethane a me nā huahana nui loa o ka honua, a me ka ʻāina piha loa i ke kahua o nā noi polyurethane.

Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi no ka polyurethane, ʻo nā mea hoʻonui polyurethane he mau mea e hiki ke hana me nā hopena hui hana ma ke kaulahao polymer laina e hoʻonui i ke kaulahao molekala a hoʻonui i ke kaumaha molekala. He mea maka pono ia no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana polyurethane he nui. I ka synthesis o nā mea polyurethane, hiki i nā mea hoʻonui polyurethane ke hoʻokō i ʻelua mau hopena kemika: ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ke keʻa -linking e hoʻokō i ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ka hana polyurethane kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka paʻakikī, ka elasticity, a me ke kekelē haehae o nā huahana mea polyurethane, a me ke kekelē o ka haehae ʻana. ʻO ka hana physics a me ke kemika piha o ke kūpaʻa wela, ke kūpaʻa aila, ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ke aniau a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion.

ʻO ka hana a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane
ʻO ka mea hoʻonui polyurethane e pili ana i nā hui amine molekala haʻahaʻa a me nā hui ʻona e loaʻa ana i ʻelua mau hui hana, hiki ke hana i kahi polymer ʻano laina ma o ka hopena hoʻonui kaulahao. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao like ʻole, a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano hoʻonui kaulahao, hoʻokō ʻia nā hopena kemika o nā helu like ʻole, a hana ʻia nā mea polyurethane me nā koi hana like ʻole.

ʻO ke kuleana o nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane i nā hopena hana polyurethane:

(1) Loaʻa i ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane kahi hui hiʻona (amino a me ka hui hydroxyl) hiki ke hana i nā hopena kemika me ka isocyanate. ʻO ke kaumaha molekala a me ka hopena ola e hiki ai i ka ʻōnaehana hopena polyurethane ke hoʻonui koke a paʻa paha, e hana i kahi laina me ke kaumaha molekala nui aʻe. Loaʻa i nā molekala ka hana o ka polymer.

(2) He ʻokoʻa ka hana o nā mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao like ʻole. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano mea hoʻonui kaulahao like ʻole a me ka nui, hoʻoponopono i ka viscosity o ka reactor, nā molekala a me nā ʻano morphological e hoʻololi i ka hana polyurethane a me nā huahana o nā ʻōnaehana like ʻole a me nā koi maikaʻi.

(3) Hiki i nā mea hoʻonui polyurethane like ʻole ke hāʻawi i nā waiwai like ʻole o ka polyurethane, a ua hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau ʻano hui hiʻohiʻona i loko o nā molekala hoʻonui kaulahao i loko o ke kaulahao nui o ka polyurethane, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka mechanics a me ka hana kemika piha o ka polyurethane, e like me ka ikaika a me ke kū'ē ʻana i ka abrasion, ka luhi Anti-defiring, ke kū'ē ʻana i ka mahana, ke kū'ē ʻana i ka wā, ke kū'ē ʻana i ka aila, ke kū'ē ʻana i ka corrosion, a pēlā aku.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ua māhele ʻia nā mea hoʻonui polyurethane i amine, waiʻona, a me ka waiʻona. Mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana hana a me nā ʻano hana, ua hoʻokumu nui ʻia ka dilate a me ka diol ma ka ʻōnaehana hana a me ka ʻano hana. ʻO nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao dilate maʻamau e like me ka ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanol, a me ka dihydramol hoʻokahi-shrinkable, a pēlā aku, he palena ko lākou hana i nā huahana polyurethane, a he mau mea hoʻonui kaulahao maʻamau. ʻO ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao me ka hana maopopo o nā mea polyurethane ʻo ia nā ʻāpana ʻelua: dihanramine ʻala a me diol ʻala. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he mea hoʻonui kaulahao hana kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻike ʻia e ke apo benzene paʻa. Mana, kū'ē i ka abrasion, kū'ē waena a me nā waiwai ʻē aʻe.

ʻAʻole wale ka mea hoʻonui diharamine ʻala he mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi no nā mea hana moʻo elastic polyurethane synthetic. ʻO ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane hana nui loa, ʻino loa, a nui loa.

Hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia nā kino polyurethane elastic ninini kuʻuna me ke ʻano hana ʻelua-ʻanuʻu, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā premature synthetic, a laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka isocyanate, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka prefabricated i nā ʻano TDI a me MDI. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ʻelua, haʻahaʻa ka hana hana premature TDI, a ua hoʻohālikelike nui ʻia me nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao amine ikaika loa; kiʻekiʻe ka hana hana MDI prefabricated, a ʻo ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao hydroxy-based me ka sila hydroxy-based haʻahaʻa. Wahi a nā koi o nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻohana a me ka hana huahana, he mea nui loa ke koho ʻana i ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao kūpono ma hope o ke koho ʻana ma hope o ke ʻano o ka isocyanate.

ʻO nā ʻano huahana hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane hana kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻano noi

2.1 ʻO ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao amine dihan arammer nui
Ma muli o kāna hana maikaʻi loa a me ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ka mea hoʻonui dihamine ʻala ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao maʻamau a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea elastic polyurethane.

ʻO nā mea hoʻonui dianramine ʻala i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e komo pū me 3, 3′-dichlori-4, 4′-diodes (MOCA: ʻano I, ʻano Ⅱ, ke kū'ē ʻana i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe, a pēlā aku), 1,3-propylene glycol Double (4-amino benzoate) (740m), 4,4′-sub-base-double (3-chlorine-2,6-diecene aniline) (M-CDEA), polyphamorethyl ether Diol ʻelua-pair aminbenzoate (P-1000, P-650, P-250, a pēlā aku), 3,5-ʻelua ethylene torneramine (DETDA, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo E-100), 3,5-diracle Sulfenylene (DMTDA, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo E-300) a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.
Eia nā ʻano o ka noi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā huahana nui:

ʻO ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao MOCA ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao hana kiʻekiʻe mua loa i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hana ʻoihana ma koʻu ʻāina. He kūlana paʻa ia ma ka mahana o ka lumi. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano o nā huahana polyurethane hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka palekana a me ka maʻalahi, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā ʻano o nā kikoʻī a me nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka elasticity o nā polyurethanes he ikaika kiʻekiʻe, rebound kiʻekiʻe, pale ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe, kū'ē ikaika, kū'ē i ka corrosion a me nā waiwai piha ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ia ke hana i nā huahana nui. He hana piha ia o nā mea hoʻonui dilate aromatic. Mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana o DuPont i nā makahiki 1950, ua noho ʻo MOCA i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi ma ke kahua o ka elasticity polyurethane. ʻO ia ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane nui loa i kēia manawa. ʻOi aku ka pono o ia ma ke kahua o ka ninini ʻana i ka elasticity polyurethane. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea hana MOCA kaulana ma Kina: ʻo Suzhou Xiangyuan New Materials Co., Ltd. (ʻoihana hui ʻo Jiangsu Xiangyuan Chemical Company), Huaibei Xingguang New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong Chongshun New Material Technology Co., Ltd. Hua Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (ma mua ʻo Binhai Mingsheng Chemical Co., Ltd.), Chizhou Tianci High-tech Materials Co., Ltd., a me Taiwan Shuangbang Industrial Co., Ltd., Taiwan Sanhuang Co., Ltd., a me Katshan Kohshan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o nā ʻoihana Kina, ua holomua nui ka ʻenehana hana a MOCA. No ka laʻana, ua lanakila ʻo Xiangyuan New Materials i ka pilikia o ke olakino o ka ʻoihana limahana, ka haumia koʻikoʻi, a me ka lawa ʻole o ka paʻa o ka hana hydrogenation intermittent o ka hydrogenation o ka hydrogenation o ka hydrogenation. Hoʻoulu ke ʻano hoʻomau i ka hydrogenation o ka acoustics maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā kaʻina hana MOCA, e hoʻokō ana i ka automation, ka hoʻopuni piha ʻana, ka hana ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā solvents, ka ʻole o ka lepo, ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka ʻole o nā hoʻokuʻu. Ua lilo ka mea hana hana MOCA hoʻomau i mea hana huahana kaulana o ka honua o ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane.

Eia kekahi, ua hoʻomohala pū ʻo Xiangyuan New Materials i nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao Xylink740M a me Xylink P series, e hoʻomaopopo ana i ka ʻoihana o kēia moʻo huahana, e paipai ana i nā mea hana mea polyurethane e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi, e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai, a hoʻonui i nā noi.

2.2 ʻO ka mea hoʻonui dilateral diol ʻala nui
ʻO nā mea hoʻolaha diol aromatic i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e komo pū me ka phenyl-phenolic hydroxyxyl-based ether (HQEE), interciphenylbenols, hydroxyl ether (HER), a me ka hui phenolic pyrodhenol hydroxyethyl-based (HQEE-L), ka hui Hydroxyethylhhexybenol (HER-L), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā mea polyurethane no nā ʻōnaehana hana MDI, he mea hoʻonui kaulahao ʻona ʻole a me ke ʻano haumia. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano noi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā huahana nui penei:

ʻO ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao HQEE he mea hoʻonui diol ʻala like me ke ʻano molekala. He ʻāpana paʻa ia, ʻaʻohe mea ʻawahia, ʻaʻohe haumia, a hoʻonāukiuki. Loaʻa iā ia ka launa maikaʻi me MDI a hiki ke hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o ka mea. Ua hoʻomohala ʻo Xiangyuan New Materials i nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao moʻo HQEE, HER, Xylink HQEE-L, Xylinkher-L. ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke ʻano ma mua o nā huahana like ma ka home a ma waho, a kūʻai ʻia nā huahana ma ka home a ma waho.

2.3 Nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao ʻala ʻē aʻe me ka hana kūikawā
Me ka piʻi ʻana o nā kahua polyurethane e kū mai ana, ua hoʻolaha mau ʻia nā mea hoʻonui polyurethane hou a me nā ʻenehana noi e hoʻokō i ke koi no ka mākeke polyurethane. Ua hoʻomohala nā ʻoihana hana i nā ʻano mea hoʻonui kaulahao ʻala hana kūikawā.

ʻO Tianmen Winterine (DMD230) kahi hoʻonui kaulahao e loaʻa ana i ʻelua beam amino-free, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā uhi solventless a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​uhi paʻa kiʻekiʻe. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā polyettes spray maʻamau, loaʻa i ka huahana ka pane kūpono, ka hana hana maikaʻi, ka pono kūkulu maikaʻi, a me ka hana piha huahana maikaʻi loa. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻōlinolino maikaʻi a me nā hopena ʻike ʻia me nā polycoges i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka polycisotripocyanate chloride momona, ka maʻalahi maikaʻi a me nā waiwai mechanical, nā loli melemele pale melemele, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka corrosion, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka wā, a me ka pale lōʻihi. Ma waho aʻe o nā alahaka, nā tunnels, a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka papahele a me nā hōʻailona alanui, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi kiʻekiʻe e like me nā uhi pale a me nā uhi ʻili hui helikopter o nā pahi makani. ʻO ka hana ʻoihana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o kēia huahana e kōkua i ka hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe o nā uhi.

ʻO ka hoʻopuehu ʻana (311) o nā hui diharamine ʻala a me ka sodium chloride (311) he ʻano hoʻohālikelike o ka diharamine ʻala a me nā paʻakai inorganic. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano polyurethane pre-polystants like ʻole ma ka mahana o ka lumi. He kūpono loa ia no nā ʻano paʻakikī a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​huahana nui. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana wahi, ka microwave vulcanization, a me nā manawa ʻē aʻe e pono ai ka manawa hana lōʻihi, ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻōla no ka epoxy resin. ʻO nā huahana like me Caytur 31DA ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Xylink 311, Xiangyuan New Materials.

Hiki i nā mea hoʻōla wai ʻē aʻe e like me ka oxidazole, ketone amine, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ke hōʻemi i ka hiki ke uhi ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​​​huahana ʻē aʻe e hana i nā pehu i ka papa waena o ka hoʻōla ʻana, a he wahi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana.

ʻO ke kūlana hoʻomohala o nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane
He nāwaliwali ke kahua hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana hoʻonui polyurethane o koʻu ʻāina. I nā lā mua, ua hoʻopaʻa mau ʻia ka mākeke hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane kūloko e nā ʻoihana multinational. Mai ke komo ʻana i kēia kenekulia, ua uhaki maikaʻi kahi hui o nā ʻoihana hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane kūloko i hōʻike ʻia e Xiangyuan New Materials i nā monopolies haole ma hope o nā makahiki o ka R & D a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka ʻenehana. Ua hōʻea kekahi o nā huahana hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane o koʻu ʻāina i ka pae o nā huahana honua like.

Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonui polyurethane amine ākea loa, ua oʻo, paʻa, kaulike, a kūpono hoʻi ke kaʻina hana a MOCA i ka pane ʻana. Ma ke kahua o ka ninini ʻana i ke kino elastic i nā noi ma lalo, ʻoi aku ka ʻōnaehana TDI, ua hōʻiliʻili ka nui o nā huahana polyurethane i kahi nui o nā ʻano maʻamau o nā huahana polyurethane maʻamau. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ke kūpaʻa a me ka hana o Essence MOCA ma hope o nā makahiki he nui o ka mākeke a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa o ka mea kūʻai aku. He kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai. Ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi pale kaʻina hana. He kuleana koʻikoʻi kona, a ke hoʻonui mau nei ke kahua noi.

Ua hoʻopuka ka European Chemical Administration, ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana e mālama ana i ka palapala hōʻoia EU Reach, i kahi hōʻike ma Nowemapa 30, 2017. Ma hope o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā pilikia palekana, ka hana, a me nā kumukūʻai, ua manaʻo ʻia ma ke kahua o ke kino elastic polyurethane, ʻo ka hana maikaʻi o ka huahana a MOCA, ka pono o ke kumukūʻai a me nā pono ʻē aʻe he mea koʻikoʻi, a ʻaʻohe koho ʻē aʻe i kēia manawa.

Ua hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana hoʻonui polyurethane Kina i ka lohi. I nā lā mua, ma muli o ka pae ʻenehana hana haʻahaʻa, nā mea kōkua palupalu, a me nā talena R & D lawa ʻole, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mākeke hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane kūloko no nā ʻoihana multinational. A hiki i ka makahiki 1990, ua uhaki maikaʻi kekahi mau mea hana hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane kūloko i nā monopolies ʻenehana haole ma hope o nā makahiki o ka R & D a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻenehana, a ua hōʻea ka hana o kekahi mau huahana mea hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane i ka pae o nā huahana honua like. Ma ke ʻano kūikawā, ua alakaʻi nā mea hou a Xiangyuan i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi mea hana hana MOCA hoʻomau 10,000-ton. Ua hōʻea ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka pae ʻenehana i ka pae holomua o ka honua a me ke alakaʻi kūloko. I kēia manawa, ua hiki i nā mea hana MOCA kūloko ke hoʻokō i nā koi o ka ionamine manuahi. ʻO ka MOCA granular a me ka MOCA melemele kiʻekiʻe-mahana i nā huahana moʻo MOCA e makemake nui ʻia e ka ʻoihana polyurethane.

Manaʻo ka "Hoʻolālā ʻElima Makahiki ʻUmikūmālua no ka" Hoʻolālā ʻElima Makahiki ʻUmikūmālua "o ka ʻoihana polyurethane e hoʻohui i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pae hana o ka MOCA hoʻonui kaulahao kiʻekiʻe, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻolaha a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao hou ʻo MCDEA, E-100, HER, HQEE a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o nā huahana moʻo MOCA, me ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea polyurethane a me nā huahana, ua puka mai nā huahana hoʻonui kaulahao hou ʻē aʻe, e hana ana i kahi hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa me nā huahana MOCA.

Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana o ka noiʻi ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, loaʻa i nā huahana hou o nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao ʻala kiʻekiʻe nā pono kūikawā i ka wikiwiki o ka pane ʻana, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ka hana, ka palekana a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni. Ua oʻo mālie ka noi, a ke hoʻomau nei ka nui o ka noi. No ka laʻana, ʻo P-1000, P650, P250, 740M, ma muli o kona ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo, aloha i ke kaiapuni, ʻaʻohe ʻawaʻawa, ua wehe mālie i ka mākeke noi ma nā ʻano he nui. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana MDI aloha i ke kaiapuni, ua hoʻonui mālie ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea hoʻolaha dilateral diol ʻala kiʻekiʻe e like me HQEE a me HER me ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohālikelike a me ka hoʻohālikelike me ka ʻōnaehana MDI, e hāʻawi ana i ka elasticity polyurethane i ka maikaʻi o ke kino. Nā hana kikoʻī e like me ke kūpaʻa wela a me ka ikaika haehae. Ma waho aʻe o ka hana ʻana i nā huahana ninini, hiki iā ia ke hana i nā huahana elastomic thermoplastic kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻomaha ʻia. Ma nā wahi noi me nā koi hana kiʻekiʻe no nā mea polyurethane ma nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia a me kekahi mau mea polyurethane, ke hoʻoikaika nei nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao e like me 740m, HQEE, HER. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka mea hoʻonui kaulahao hou i nā pono i ka hoʻokaʻawale kikoʻī ʻana, a ua kiʻekiʻe loa ka paepae loea. I kēia manawa, aia nō ka mākeke kūloko i ke kahua hoʻolaha noi.

ʻO ke ʻano hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana hoʻonui kaulahao polyurethane

Ua hōʻiliʻili ka ʻoihana polyurethane ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻEulopa Komohana i nā makahiki he ʻumi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana. He ikaika ka ʻenehana o ka ʻoihana i ka ʻoihana, a ua oʻo iki ka mākeke. I ka manawa like, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koi hana a nā mea kūʻai aku ma kēia mau wahi no nā huahana polyurethane, a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ke koi no nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao hou ma mua o MOCA. I kēia manawa, ʻo nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia e like me ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e noho ana i ka hapa nui o ke koi no nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao hou.

ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka polyurethane ma ka ʻāina ʻo Asia-Pakipika a me nā ʻāina e kū mai ana ke lilo nei i mea hoʻoikaika nui no ke koi polyurethane honua. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka ʻāina ʻo Asia-Pakipika ka mākeke mea kūʻai polyurethane nui loa o ka honua, e helu ana ma kahi o 48% o ka māhele mākeke honua; ʻo nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e kū mai ana e like me India, Brazil, Mexico, a pēlā aku, ke piʻi nei ke koi no ka polyurethane i nā hale, nā mea kūkulu hale, nā lako hale a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, aia kekahi o kēia mau ʻāina ma kēia mau ʻāina i ke kahua mua o ka ʻoihana. He koʻikoʻi loa lākou i ke kumukūʻai o nā mea maka i ka ʻoihana polyurethane a uku nui i ke kumukūʻai a me ka hana kumukūʻai. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, i ka wā e hiki mai ana, e mālama mau kēia wahi i kahi koi kiʻekiʻe no nā MOCA kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.

I kēia manawa, ʻo nā ʻoihana hoʻonui polyurethane nui o ka honua, e like me Kazaka Kagosan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd., ka United States Air Chemical (loaʻa iā Winchuang i ka makahiki 2016), a me ka United States Coco (loaʻa iā Langsheng i ka makahiki 2017), a pēlā aku, ua hoʻopaʻa i ka honua. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka māhele mākeke o nā mea hoʻonui kaulahao, kekahi mau ʻoihana liʻiliʻi i loaʻa ʻole ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana noiʻi ʻoihana-kulanui ua hoʻopau ʻia e ka hopena o ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ke kumukūʻai, a ua hoʻonui hou ʻia ka nui o ka ʻoihana hoʻonui kaulahao. I ka manawa like, hilinaʻi pū nā ʻoihana nui i ka ikaika kapikala ikaika a me ke kumu noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana e hoʻonui i nā mea maka ʻoihana a me ka pae hana huahana, a hoʻokumu i nā kumu hana nui a me nā kūʻai aku a me nā kikowaena R & D ma nā wahi me nā kumuwaiwai maikaʻi loa, nā mākeke, a me nā kūlana hana.

5. Ke kūlana o kēia manawa a me ke kuhikuhi hoʻomohala o nā mea hoʻonui polyurethane

Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi no nā mea polyurethane, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea hoʻonui polyurethane i ka ʻōnaehana CASE (me nā uhi, nā mea hoʻopili, ke sila ʻana a me nā kino elastic) i nā mea polyurethane. I waena o lākou, ʻo ke kino elastic polyurethane kahi mea synthetic polymer ma waena o ka rubber maʻamau a me ka plastic. Loaʻa iā ia ka elasticity kiʻekiʻe o ka rubber a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe a me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o ka plastic. 5 a 10 mau manawa), loaʻa iā ia ka inoa o "ke aliʻi o ka rubber pale-ʻaʻahu" a he ikaika mechanical maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa aila, ke kūpaʻa kemika, ke kūpaʻa flexion a me ke kūpaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maikaʻi loa a me ka hana insulation. Ma waho aʻe o ke ʻano ninini maʻamau a me ke kino elastic polyurethane thermoplastic, ʻo ka mea kino elastic polyurethane e komo pū me nā mea hoʻopili, nā uhi, ke sila ʻana, nā mea paving, sole, synthetic leather, fiber, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i lilo i mau mea polyurethane elastic. Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana o ka pae loea, ua pani ʻia ka elasticity polyurethane i ka rubber, plastics, a me nā metala ma nā ʻano like ʻole e like me nā kaʻa, nā mines, ka paʻi ʻana, nā lako, ka hana mīkini, nā haʻuki, a me ka halihali.

Wahi a nā helu helu mai nā keʻena pili, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka polyurethane CASE Kina (elastic body, coatings, synthetic leather, sealing and adhesives) i ka makahiki 2021 he 7.77 miliona tons, a ʻo ka awelika o ka ulu makahiki o 11.5% i ka makahiki 2016-2021 he 11.5%.

ʻO ka elasticity o ka polyurethane Kina i ka makahiki 2016 he 925,000 tons, a ʻo ka huahana i ka makahiki 2021 ua hiki i 1.5 miliona tons, me ka ulu makahiki hui o 10.2%; ʻo ka awelika o ka ulu makahiki o ka hoʻohana ʻana he 12.5%. Ua manaʻo ʻia ma ka makahiki 2025, e hiki aku ka huahana kino elastic polyurethane o koʻu ʻāina i 2.059 miliona tons, kahi e mau nei i kahi ʻano hoʻomohala wikiwiki.

Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ua hōʻea ka hana honua o nā elastomers polyurethane i 2.52 miliona tons i ka makahiki 2016 a me 3.539 miliona tons i ka makahiki 2021, me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka hui makahiki he 7.0%. Ma ka makahiki 2025, ua manaʻo ʻia e hōʻea ka hana honua o ka polyurethane elastomer i 4.495 miliona tons, e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano ulu wikiwiki a paʻa.

He kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa ka elastomer polyurethane thermoplastic (TPU). He kiʻekiʻe kona ikaika tensile, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia, kūpaʻa i ka ʻaila, kūpaʻa i ka mahana haʻahaʻa, kūpaʻa i ka wā, a he koʻikoʻi ke kūpaʻa ozone, a he ākea ka laulā o ka paʻakikī. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka mākeke o TPU mai ka ʻoihana kāmaʻa a i nā kahua mākeke kiʻekiʻe e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ka mokulele, a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni. Wahi a nā helu helu, mai 2014 a 2021, ʻo ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka hui makahiki o ka hana TPU ma Kina he 14.5%. I ka makahiki 2021, ʻo ka hana TPU o koʻu ʻāina ma kahi o 645,000 tons. Ua lilo koʻu ʻāina i ʻāina hana TPU nui loa o ka honua. Ua piʻi mau ka hana a me ka nui o ka lawe aku i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.

Mai ka manaʻo o ke koi, ua kau nui ʻia ka mākeke TPU honua ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a me nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia-Pākīpika. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia i alakaʻi ʻia e Kina ka mākeke ʻāina wikiwiki loa i ka hoʻohana ʻana o TPU honua. Wahi a nā helu helu o ke Kōmike Kūikawā Elastic o ka Hui ʻOihana Polyurethane Kina, ʻo ka huina o ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā huahana polyurethane ma koʻu ʻāina i ka makahiki 2018 i hiki i 11.3 miliona tons, a ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā elastomers polyurethane (TPU+CPU) ma kahi o 1.1 miliona tons%.

ʻO TPU kekahi o nā huahana me ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka polyurethane i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ua lilo koʻu ʻāina i ʻāina mea kūʻai TPU nui loa o ka honua. Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻo ka awelika o ka ulu makahiki o ka hoʻohana ʻana o TPU o Kina i ka makahiki 2017-2021 he 12.9%, ʻo ia hoʻi ka huina o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka makahiki 2021 he 602,000 tons, he piʻi ʻana o 11.6% makahiki-ma-makahiki. Ma muli o ka hoʻopuka TPU honua o 1.09 miliona tons i ka makahiki 2021, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana o TPU kūloko ma mua o ka hapalua o ka honua. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e ʻoi aku ka ikaika o nā pono o nā mea kāmaʻa, nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā paipu, a me nā uwea. Ma ke kahua o nā lako lapaʻau, nā uwea uwea, a me ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni, e pani hou aku ia i nā mea PVC kuʻuna. He mea hiki loa ke pani iā ​​EVA ma ke kahua o nā mea kāmaʻa. Manaʻo ʻia e noho mau ka TPU i ka wā e hiki mai ana he 10% a ʻoi aku paha ke ʻano o ka ulu ʻana. Ua manaʻo ʻia e hōʻea ana kāna hoʻohana ʻana ma kahi o 900,000 tons ma ka makahiki 2026.

Me ka hoʻonui mālie ʻana o ka pae hana, ua emi ke kumukūʻai o nā huahana polyurethane elastic, ʻoi aku ka ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano like ʻole, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke koi mākeke, a wikiwiki ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana. I ka wā o ka "Hoʻolālā ʻUmikūmāhā ʻElima Makahiki", pono ka ʻoihana Case e hoʻolaha ikaika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā huahana ma ke ala o ka wai-oriented, solventless, a me ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe-solid; hoʻonui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o CASE a me ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana synthetic o ke ʻano kumu o nā mea maka, e kālele ana i ka noi polytianmen wai-to-pyrodramine polyphonus; e kālele ana i ka lawe ʻana i ka noiʻi kumu wai a me ka ʻenehana ʻenekinia; hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana huahana, hoʻomohala i nā huahana hou, hoʻonui i ke kahua noi, a paipai i ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻoihana hou ma ke kaʻaahi, ke alaloa, ke alahaka tunnel, ka hoʻoili mana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. A me ka noi ʻana o ke kahua lapaʻau; paipai i ka noi ʻenehana o nā mea hoʻopili polyurethane no ka formaldehyde ʻole e hoʻohui i nā papa hana; hoʻomohala i nā huahana ammonia ʻokoʻa, hana, a me ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe-i hoʻohui ʻia; hoʻoikaika i ka noiʻi a me ka ʻenehana noi o ka polyurethane waterproof material structure, ka hana, ka lōʻihi o ka manawa; Paipai i ka noi ʻana o nā mea polyurethane i nā hale i hana mua ʻia.

ʻO nā kuhikuhi nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kahua elastomer:

ʻO nā elastomers polyurethane no nā kaʻa. Ke ulu nei ka ʻoihana kaʻa o kēia lā i ka hana kiʻekiʻe, ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe, ke kaumaha māmā, ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka palekana. Ke pani mālie nei nā mea synthetic rubber a me ka plastic i nā mea metala, kahi e wehe ai i kahi manaʻolana ākea no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā elastomers polyurethane.

ʻO nā elastomers polyurethane no ke kūkulu ʻana. Ua hoʻololi mālie ʻia ka mea pale wai kuʻuna o ka ʻasphalt i manaʻo ʻia e ka mea pale wai polyurethane kūkulu paʻa a hoʻohui ʻia; ʻOi aku ka laulā o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala haʻuki polyurethane. ʻO nā hui hoʻonui o nā alahaka nui, nā mea hiamoe o ke alahao wikiwiki, ke kahua mokulele a me ke caulking alaloa e hana mālie ʻia me ka elastomer PVC i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka mahana o ka lumi.

ʻO ka elastomer polyurethane no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mine. Nui ka makemake no nā mea ʻaʻole metala me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ke komo ʻana, ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka elasticity i nā mine lanahu, nā mine metala a me nā mine metala ʻole.

ʻO ka elastomer polyurethane no nā kāmaʻa. Loaʻa i ka elasticity polychloride ester nā pono o ka hana buffering maikaʻi, ke kaumaha māmā, ke kū'ē i ke komo ʻana, ke kū'ē i ka skid, a pēlā aku, ua lilo ia i mea kākoʻo koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana kāmaʻa.

ʻO ka elastomer polyurethane no ka hoʻohana lapaʻau. ʻO ka biocompatibility maikaʻi, ka hoʻohālikelike koko a me ka ʻole o nā mea hoʻohui he mau kumu nui ia no ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā mea TPU a me CPU i ke kahua lapaʻau. He ākea loa kona hoʻohana ʻana ma ke kahua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ke olakino.

ʻO ka pepa hui polyurethane hou. Manaʻo ʻia ka ʻenehana mea hui e lawe mai i kahi wā pahū mākeke hou no nā elastomers polyurethane.

ʻO ke ʻano hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana hoʻonui kaulahao Polyurethane "14th Five-Year Plan"

Mai ka manaʻo honua, ʻo ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kahua kūkulu, ka ʻoihana kaʻa, nā lako akamai uila, ka ikehu hou a me nā ʻoihana palekana kaiapuni ua hoʻoikaika nui i ke koi no nā huahana polyurethane. Ke hoʻomau nei nā pilikua polyurethane honua i ka hana hou ʻana i ka ʻenehana a me ka noi, a e hoʻomau i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā huahana polyurethane hou. Me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā huahana polyurethane ma ke kahua a me ka laulā o ka mākeke terminal downstream, ʻo ke koi like ʻole no nā huahana polyurethane e paipai i ka hana hou a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā mea hana kaulahao polyurethane.

I nā makahiki he 10 e hiki mai ana, e ulu wikiwiki ana ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana polyurethane ma kekahi mau wahi niche. Ua kālailai nā loea ʻoihana e piʻi aʻe ka noi honua no ka polyurethane ma ka wikiwiki o 4.5% i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I waena o lākou, ua manaʻo ʻia ka awelika o ka ulu makahiki o ke koi polyurethane he 5.7% ma nā kahua o ka hoʻomaʻalili, nā kāmaʻa, nā lole, nā leʻaleʻa a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe. Ua piʻi iki ka noi ma ke kahua huahana, a ua manaʻo ʻia he 3.3% i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua kākoʻo ʻia nā ʻāina e kū mai ana ma ka ʻāina ʻo Asia-Pākīpika e ka ʻenehana hou e hoʻonui i nā noi ma lalo, a e hiki aku ka noi no nā polyurethanes i ka nui o ka ulu ʻana i ʻelua huahelu i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

Ma ke ʻano he mea maka koʻikoʻi no ka ʻoihana polyurethane, pono ka ʻoihana hoʻohui polyurethane o koʻu ʻāina e hoʻokō pono i ka manaʻo hoʻomohala hou. Ma lalo iho nei, ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana polyurethane, me ke kuhikuhi o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻoihana polyurethane e hoʻolalelale i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻano hoʻomohala hou o "dual -cycle", e kālele ana i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, haʻahaʻa -carbon, a me ka hoʻololi kikohoʻe. , Hoʻolalelale i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻoihana hou, hoʻolaha i nā "hemahema" o nā huahana kiʻekiʻe, "hopu i nā ʻenehana koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe", "wehe i kahi alanui hou" i nā huahana kuʻuna, a hoʻolaha i koʻu ʻāina e neʻe mai ka polyurethane i kahi ʻāina ikaika.

I kēia manawa, ua lilo ka mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao polyurethane i kekahi o nā mea maka polyurethane e pono ai no nā papahana ʻoihana nui o ka ʻāina. Ke hoʻonui nei ka ʻoihana hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao polyurethane i ka hoʻopukapuka hou, e ulu ana ma ke ala o ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, ka pono kiʻekiʻe a me ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe. Ke kālele nei i nā pono o ka aerospace, ka ʻike uila, ka ikehu hou, nā kaʻa, nā kaʻaahi wikiwiki, ka transit kaʻaahi, nā alaloa, nā alahaka nui, nā ʻoihana mālama ola a me ka pale aupuni, ua wikiwiki ka hoʻololi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻokō ʻenehana hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao polyurethane hou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pae hoʻomohala holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻoihana polyurethane.

ʻO ke kuhikuhi hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao polyurethane, ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā huahana hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao ʻōmaʻomaʻo kiʻekiʻe me ka hana palekana kaiapuni. ʻAʻole wale ia he maʻemaʻe a ʻaʻohe haumia i ke kaʻina hana, akā palekana a ʻōmaʻomaʻo hoʻi i ke kaʻina hana hoʻohana e hoʻolaha i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kaʻina hana huahana polyurethane. ʻO ka lua, e hoʻonui hou aku i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao e kū nei, i piha ai ka hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao ʻoihana i ka ikaika noi hou. Ua like ka pae ʻenehana o kekahi mau ʻoihana hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao polyurethane kūloko me ko nā ʻoihana multinational, akā pono ka noiʻi noi hou aku e hoʻomaopopo i nā mea hoʻohana hou aku i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe o nā huahana, ʻoi aku hoʻi e hoʻolaha i nā huahana diamine ʻala wai me ka hana maʻalahi a me ka hana maikaʻi loa, a e hoʻokō i ka hopena synergistic o ka hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao e mālama i ka ikehu a hoʻemi i ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ke kumukūʻai. ʻO ke kolu, ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala hou aku i nā huahana hou e like me ke koi o ka mākeke, e hāʻawi i nā huahana kūpono a kiʻekiʻe aʻe no ka ʻoihana polyurethane, e hoʻokō i nā pono o ka mākeke ma lalo a hoʻonui i ka laulā o ka noi.

No nā mea polyurethane elastic, ʻo ka mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao he mea hoʻohui koʻikoʻi me ka nui o ka nui a me ka waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia, he mea nui ia no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana huahana. Eia kekahi, i nā mea polyurethane ʻē aʻe a me nā plastics foam, he hopena maopopo ka mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao polyurethane i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana huahana. I ka ʻoihana polyurethane, nui ka mākeke mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao polyurethane. I mea e hoʻolaha a alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana polyurethane, pono e hoʻoikaika i ka noiʻi noi a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao polyurethane, a hoʻomohala i nā ʻano mea hoʻolōʻihi kaulahao polyurethane ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me nā ʻano hou aʻe ma lalo o ke kumu o ka nānā ʻana i ke olakino, ka mālama ikehu, ka palekana a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni a me ka hana noi, i mea e hāʻawi nui ai i ke ola maikaʻi o kānaka.