Ke hōʻike nei i ka dynamics rheological o nā hui surfactant sulfate-free o ka cocamidopropyl betaine-sodium methyl cocoyl taurate ma waena o ka haku mele ʻana, pH, a me nā kūlana ionic.

Hoʻolauna

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻōnaehana surfactant binary aqueous e loaʻa ana nā ʻano i hoʻopiʻi ʻia ma nā ʻāpana ʻoihana he nui, me nā mea hoʻonani, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā agrochemicals, a me nā ʻoihana hana meaʻai. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻana o kēia mau ʻōnaehana ua pili nui ʻia i kā lākou hana interfacial a me rheological kiʻekiʻe, e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ka hana i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ia mau surfactants i loko o nā ʻāpana ilo, entangled e hāʻawi i nā waiwai macroscopic hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka viscoelasticity a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka tension interfacial. Ma ke ʻano kūikawā, hōʻike nā hui pū ʻana o nā surfactants anionic a me zwitterionic i nā hoʻonui synergistic i ka hana ʻili, ka viscosity, a me ka modulation tension interfacial. Kū mai kēia mau ʻano mai ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā pilina electrostatic a me steric ma waena o nā hui poʻo polar a me nā huelo hydrophobic o nā surfactants, e hoʻohālikelike ana me nā ʻōnaehana single-surfactant, kahi e kaupalena pinepine ai nā mana electrostatic repulsive i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana.

ʻO Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB; SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCCN+ (C)CC([O−])=O) kahi surfactant amphoteric i hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻano hoʻonaninani ma muli o kona pono hoʻomaʻemaʻe akahai a me nā waiwai hoʻomaʻemaʻe lauoho. ʻO ke ʻano zwitterionic o CAPB e hiki ai i ka synergy electrostatic me nā surfactants anionic, e hoʻonui ana i ka paʻa o ka huʻa a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hana hoʻohui maikaʻi loa. I nā makahiki he ʻelima i hala iho nei, ua lilo nā hui CAPB me nā surfactants sulfate-based, e like me CAPB-sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), i mea kumu i nā huahana mālama pilikino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ka pono o nā surfactants sulfate-based, ua hoʻoulu nā hopohopo e pili ana i ko lākou hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻili a me ke alo o 1,4-dioxane, kahi huahana o ke kaʻina hana ethoxylation, i ka hoihoi i nā koho ʻē aʻe sulfate-free. ʻO nā moho hoʻohiki e pili ana i nā surfactants amino-acid-based, e like me taurates, sarcosinates, a me glutamates, e hōʻike ana i ka biocompatibility i hoʻonui ʻia a me nā waiwai akahai [9]. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā hui poʻo polar nui o kēia mau koho ʻē aʻe e keakea pinepine i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o nā ʻano micellar i hoʻopaʻa nui ʻia, e pono ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻololi rheological.

ʻO ka sodium methyl cocoyl taurate (SMCT; SMILES:
ʻO CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CCS(=O)(=O)O[Na]) he surfactant anionic i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano he paʻakai sodium ma o ka amide coupling o N-methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid) me kahi kaulahao momona i loaʻa mai ka niu. Loaʻa iā SMCT kahi hui poʻo taurine i hoʻopili ʻia me ka amide ma ka ʻaoʻao o kahi hui sulfonate anionic ikaika, e hoʻolilo ana iā ia i biodegradable a kūpono me ka pH ʻili, kahi e hoʻonoho ai iā ia ma ke ʻano he moho hoʻohiki no nā ʻano hana sulfate-free. Hōʻike ʻia nā surfactants Taurate e ko lākou detergent ikaika, kūpaʻa wai paʻakikī, akahai, a me ka paʻa pH ākea.

ʻO nā ʻano rheological, me ka shear viscosity, viscoelastic moduli, a me ke kaumaha hua, he mea koʻikoʻi ia i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kūpaʻa, ke ʻano, a me ka hana o nā huahana surfactant. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka shear viscosity kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa ʻana o ka substrate, ʻoiai ke kaumaha hua e hoʻomalu i ka pili ʻana o ka formulation i ka ʻili a i ʻole ka lauoho ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana. Hoʻololi ʻia kēia mau ʻano rheological macroscopic e nā kumu he nui, me ka surfactant concentration, pH, mahana, a me ke alo o nā co-solvents a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻohui. Hiki i nā surfactants i hoʻopiʻi ʻia ke hana i nā hoʻololi microstructural like ʻole, mai nā micelles spherical a me nā vesicles a i nā pae crystalline wai, kahi, ma ka huli ʻana, e hoʻopilikia nui i ka rheology nui. ʻO nā hui ʻana o nā amphoteric a me nā anionic surfactants e hana pinepine i nā micelles elongated wormlike (WLMs), kahi e hoʻonui nui ai i nā waiwai viscoelastic. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā pilina microstructure-property no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana huahana.

Ua noiʻi nā haʻawina hoʻokolohua he nui i nā ʻōnaehana binary like, e like me CAPB-SLES, e wehewehe i ke kumu microstructural o ko lākou mau waiwai. No ka laʻana, ua hoʻopili ʻo Mitrinova et al. [13] i ka nui o ka micelle (radius hydrodynamic) me ka viscosity o ka hopena ma nā hui co-surfactant CAPB-SLES-medium-chain me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka rheometry a me ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka mālamalama dynamic (DLS). Hāʻawi ka rheometry mechanical i ka ʻike i ka ulu ʻana o ka microstructural o kēia mau hui a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia e ka microrheology optical me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka spectroscopy nalu diffusing (DWS) e hoʻonui ana i ka domain alapine hiki ke komo, e hopu ana i nā dynamics manawa pōkole e pili pono ana i nā kaʻina hana hoʻomaha WLM. Ma ka microrheology DWS, ua nānā ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o ka square mean o nā probes colloidal i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, e hiki ai ke unuhi ʻia nā moduli viscoelastic linear o ka medium a puni ma o ka pilina Stokes-Einstein generalized. Pono kēia ʻenehana i nā nui laʻana liʻiliʻi wale nō a no laila he mea maikaʻi no ke aʻo ʻana i nā wai paʻakikī me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea i kaupalena ʻia, e laʻa me nā ʻano protein-based. ʻO ka loiloi ʻana o ka ʻikepili <Δr²(t)> ma waena o nā spectra alapine ākea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka helu ʻana o nā palena micellar e like me ka nui o ka mesh, ka lōʻihi entanglement, ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomau ʻana, a me ka lōʻihi o ke contour. Ua hōʻike ʻo Amin et al ua kūlike nā hui CAPB-SLES me nā wānana mai ke kumumanaʻo o Cates, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka viscosity me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka paʻakai a hiki i kahi paʻakai koʻikoʻi, ma ʻō aku o ia mea e hāʻule koke ai ka viscosity—he pane maʻamau i nā ʻōnaehana WLM Ua hoʻohana ʻo Xu lāua ʻo Amin i ka rheometry mechanical a me DWS e nānā i nā hui SLES-CAPB-CCB, e hōʻike ana i kahi pane rheological Maxwellian e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o WLM entangled, kahi i hōʻoia hou ʻia e nā palena microstructural i manaʻo ʻia mai nā ana DWS. Ma ke kūkulu ʻana ma luna o kēia mau ʻano hana, hoʻohui ka haʻawina o kēia manawa i ka rheometry mechanical a me ka microrheology DWS e wehewehe pehea e hoʻokele ai nā hoʻonohonoho hou microstructural i ke ʻano shear o nā hui CAPB-SMCT.

I ka mālamalama o ka piʻi ʻana o ke koi no nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe palupalu a hoʻomau, ua loaʻa ka ikaika o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā surfactants anionic sulfate-free ʻoiai nā pilikia o ka hoʻokumu ʻana. ʻO nā ʻano molekala like ʻole o nā ʻōnaehana sulfate-free e hāʻawi pinepine i nā ʻano rheological like ʻole, e hoʻopilikia ana i nā hoʻolālā maʻamau no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka viscosity e like me ka paʻakai a i ʻole ka polymeric thickening. No ka laʻana, ua ʻimi ʻo Yorke et al. i nā koho ʻē aʻe non-sulfate ma o ka noiʻi ʻana i nā waiwai foaming a me rheological o nā hui binary a me ternary surfactant e hōʻike ana i ka alkyl olefin sulfonate (AOS), alkyl polyglucoside (APG), a me lauryl hydroxysultaine. Ua hōʻike ka ratio 1: 1 o AOS-sultaine i nā ʻano shear-thinning a me ka huʻa e like me CAPB-SLES, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o WLM. Ua loiloi ʻo Rajput et al. [26] i kahi surfactant anionic sulfate-free ʻē aʻe, sodium cocoyl glycinate (SCGLY), me nā nonionic co-surfactants (cocamide diethanolamine a me lauryl glucoside) ma o DLS, SANS, a me rheometry. ʻOiai ʻo SCGLY wale nō i hoʻokumu i nā micelles poepoe nui, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka co-surfactant i hiki ai ke kūkulu ʻia nā morphologies micellar paʻakikī, e ʻae ʻia i ka modulation pH-driven.

ʻOiai kēia mau holomua, he kakaikahi nā noiʻi i kuhikuhi i nā waiwai rheological o nā ʻōnaehana sulfate-free hoʻomau e pili ana iā CAPB a me taurates. Manaʻo kēia haʻawina e hoʻopiha i kēia hakahaka ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i kekahi o nā ʻano rheological ʻōnaehana mua o ka ʻōnaehana binary CAPB-SMCT. Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka haku mele surfactant, pH, a me ka ikaika ionic, wehewehe mākou i nā mea e hoʻomalu ana i ka viscosity shear a me ka viscoelasticity. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka rheometry mechanical a me ka microrheology DWS, helu mākou i nā hoʻonohonoho hou microstructural ma lalo o ke ʻano shear o nā hui CAPB-SMCT. Hoʻākāka kēia mau ʻike i ka pilina ma waena o ka pH, ka ratio CAPB-SMCT, a me nā pae ionic i ka hoʻolaha ʻana a i ʻole ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o WLM, no laila e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻike kūpono i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻano rheological o nā huahana surfactant hoʻomau no nā noi ʻoihana like ʻole.