Ua lilo ka ʻoki ʻana o Rusia i ka lako o ke kinoea kūlohelohe i ka EU i mea ʻoiaʻiʻo.
a ʻo ka ʻoki ʻana o ke kinoea kūlohelohe holoʻokoʻa o ʻEulopa ʻaʻole ia he hopohopo waha. ʻO ka mea aʻe, ʻo ka pilikia nui e pono ai nā ʻāina ʻEulopa e hoʻoponopono, ʻo ia ka lako o ke kinoea kūlohelohe.
ʻO nā waiwai a pau o ka honua he mau hua i loaʻa mai nā petrochemicals i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ke kinoea kūlohelohe a me ka ʻaila maka.
ʻOiai ʻo ka lua o ka waihona hoʻohui kemika nui loa o ka honua (Germany BASF Group) aia ma Ludwigshafen, Kelemānia, e uhi ana i kahi ʻāpana he 10 kilomita kuea o ka paka ʻoihana, ua wehe ʻia he 200 mau hale hana hana, e hōʻea ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka uila i ka makahiki 2021 i 5.998 biliona KWH, e hōʻea ka lako mana wahie fossil i 17.8 biliona KWH, a e hōʻea ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahu i 19,000 metric tons.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke kinoea kūlohelohe e hoʻoulu i ka ikehu a me ka mahu, a e hana i nā kemika koʻikoʻi e like me ka ammonia a me ka acetylene.
Ua māhele ʻia ka ʻaila maka i ethylene a me propylene i loko o nā kuki mahu, ka mea e kākoʻo ana i ʻeono o nā laina huahana a BASF, a ʻo ka pani ʻana o ia hale hana kemika nui e hopena i ka nalowale ʻana o nā hana a i ʻole nā hola pōkole no kekahi 40,000 mau limahana.
Hoʻopuka pū ke kumu i 14% o ka wikamina E o ka honua a me 28% o ka wikamina A o ka honua. ʻO ka hana ʻana o nā enzymes hānai e hoʻoholo i ke kumukūʻai hana a me ke kumukūʻai o ka mākeke honua. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Alkyl ethanolamine no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai a me ka ʻoihana pena, a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kinoea, ka mea palupalu lole, ka ʻoihana hana metala a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Ka hopena o Basf i ka globalization
Aia ʻo BASF Group ma Ludwigshafen, Kelemānia, Antwerp, Pelekiuma, Freeport, Texas, USA, Geismar, Louisiana, Nanjing, Kina (he hui like me Sinopec, me ka ʻāpana 50/50) a me Kuantan, Malekia (he hui like me Malekia). E hele mai i ka hui like o ka hui aila aupuni) ua hoʻokumu i nā lālā a me nā kahua hana.
Ke hiki ʻole ke hana ʻia a hoʻolako ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā mea maka ma ke keʻena nui o Kelemania ma ke ʻano maʻamau, a laila e hoʻonui ʻia ka mana i nā kahua kemika āpau ma ka honua, a e nele nā huahana āpau i hana ʻia e nā derivatives, a laila e loaʻa nā nalu o ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai.
ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ka mākeke Kina ka helu no 45% o ka māhele mākeke honua. ʻO ia ka mākeke kemika nui loa a ke hoʻomalu nei i ka ulu ʻana o ka hana kemika honua. ʻO ia ke kumu i hoʻokumu mua ai ʻo BASF Group i nā kahua hana ma Kina. Ma waho aʻe o nā kahua i hoʻohui ʻia ma Nanjing a me Guangdong, aia nō hoʻi nā hale hana a BASF ma Shanghai, Kina, a me Jiaxing, Zhejiang, a ua hoʻokumu i kahi hui hui ʻo BASF-Shanshan Battery Materials Company ma Changsha.
ʻAneʻane pau nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā i ko kākou ola, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā huahana kemika, a ʻoi aku kona mana ma mua o ka nele o nā ʻuala palai. He nūhou maikaʻi ʻole kēia no nā mea kūʻai aku, no ka mea, e hoʻolauna mai nā waiwai āpau i kahi nalu. ʻO ke kai eʻe o ke kumukūʻai e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻino o ka hoʻokele waiwai i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka maʻi ahulau.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻOkakopa-19-2022