Ka hōʻike ʻana i ka manaʻo rheological o ka sulfate-free surfactant mixtures o cocamidopropyl betaine-sodium methyl cocoyl taurate ma waena o ka haku mele, pH, a me nā kūlana ionic.

Hoʻolauna

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻōnaehana surfactant binary wai e pili ana i nā ʻano i hoʻopiʻi ʻia ma nā ʻāpana ʻoihana he nui, me nā mea hoʻonaninani, lāʻau lapaʻau, agrochemical, a me nā ʻoihana hana meaʻai. ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o kēia mau ʻōnaehana e pili ana i kā lākou hana interfacial a me rheological maikaʻi, e hiki ai ke hoʻonui i ka hana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana iho o ia mau surfactants i loko o nā ʻano ilo, nā aggregates i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hāʻawi i nā waiwai macroscopic hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka viscoelasticity a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka haʻalulu. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka anionic a me ka zwitterionic surfactants e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka synergistic i ka hana o ka ʻili, viscosity, a me ka modulation tension interfacial. Kū mai kēia mau ʻano mai ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka electrostatic a me ka steric i waena o nā poʻo poʻo poʻo a me nā huelo hydrophobic o nā surfactants, e hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokahi-surfactant, kahi e kaupalena pinepine ai nā mana electrostatic repulsive i ka hoʻokō ʻana.

ʻO Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB; SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCCN+ (C)CC([O−])=O) he mea hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka amphoteric surfactant i loko o nā mea hoʻonaninani ma muli o kona ʻano hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe a me nā waiwai hoʻonaninani lauoho. ʻO ke ʻano zwitterionic o CAPB hiki i ka electrostatic synergy me nā anionic surfactants, hoʻonui i ka paʻa o ka foam a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hana hoʻolālā kiʻekiʻe. I loko o nā makahiki he ʻelima i hala iho nei, ua lilo nā hui pū ʻana o CAPB me nā surfactants e pili ana i ka sulfate, e like me CAPB-sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), i mea hoʻokumu i nā huahana mālama pilikino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ka maikaʻi o nā surfactants e pili ana i ka sulfate, nā hopohopo e pili ana i ko lākou hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki i ka dermal a me ka hiki ʻana mai o 1,4-dioxane, kahi hopena o ke kaʻina hana ethoxylation, ua alakaʻi i ka hoihoi i nā koho ʻole sulfate. ʻO nā moho hoʻohiki e pili ana i nā surfactants e pili ana i ka amino-acid, e like me nā taurates, sarcosinates, a me nā glutamate, e hōʻike ana i ka biocompatibility i hoʻonui ʻia a me nā waiwai milder [9]. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā pūʻulu poʻo polar nui o kēia mau mea ʻē aʻe ke keʻakeʻa pinepine nei i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā hale micellar i hoʻopili nui ʻia, pono e hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻololi rheological.

Sodium methyl cocoyl taurate (SMCT; SMILES:
ʻO CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CCS(=O)(=O)O[Na]) he anionic surfactant i hoʻohui ʻia ma ke ʻano he paʻakai sodium ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka amide o N-methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid) me kahi kaulahao momona momona i loaʻa i ka niu. Loaʻa iā SMCT kahi pūʻulu taurine pili i ka amide ma ka ʻaoʻao o kahi pūʻulu anionic sulfonate ikaika, e hoʻolilo iā ia i biodegradable a kūpono hoʻi me ka pH ʻili, kahi e hoʻonoho ai iā ia ma ke ʻano he moho hoʻohiki no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka sulfate-free formulations. Hōʻike ʻia nā surfactants Taurate e ko lākou detergency potent, paʻa wai paʻakikī, ʻoluʻolu, a me ka paʻa pH ākea.

ʻO nā ʻāpana Rheological, e like me ka shear viscosity, viscoelastic moduli, a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana, he mea koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kūpaʻa, ke ʻano, a me ka hana o nā huahana surfactant-based. No ka laʻana, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka shear viscosity ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka paʻa ʻana o ka substrate, aʻo ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi e alakaʻi i ka pili ʻana o ka ʻili a i ʻole ka lauoho ma hope o ka noi. Hoʻololi ʻia kēia mau hiʻohiʻona rheological macroscopic e nā kumu he nui, e komo pū ana ka surfactant concentration, pH, wela, a me ke alo o nā co-solvents a i ʻole nā mea hoʻohui. Hiki i nā surfactants i hoʻopiʻi kūʻē ʻia ke hele i nā hoʻololi microstructural like ʻole, mai nā micelles spherical a me nā vesicle a hiki i nā ʻāpana crystalline wai, ʻo ia hoʻi, pili nui i ka rheology nui. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe amphoteric a me anionic i nā micelles e like me ka ilo elongated (WLMs), kahi e hoʻomaikaʻi nui ai i nā waiwai viscoelastic. No laila, koʻikoʻi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka pilina microstructure-waiwai no ka hoʻokō pono ʻana i ka huahana.

Nui nā haʻawina hoʻokolohua i noiʻi i nā ʻōnaehana binary like, e like me CAPB–SLES, e wehewehe i ke kumu microstructural o kā lākou waiwai. No ka laʻana, ʻo Mitrinova et al. [13] hoʻopili ʻia ka nui micelle (hydrodynamic radius) me ka viscosity solution ma CAPB–SLES–medium-chain co-surfactant mixtures me ka rheometry and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Hāʻawi ka mechanical rheometry i ka ʻike i ka microstructural evolution o kēia mau hui ʻana a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia e ka microrheology optical me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) e hoʻolōʻihi i ka domain frequency hiki ke loaʻa, hopu i nā dynamics manawa pōkole e pili ana i nā kaʻina hoʻomaha WLM. Ma DWS microrheology, ʻike ʻia ka neʻe ʻana o nā ʻāpana colloidal i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka manawa, e hiki ai i ka unuhi ʻana o ka linear viscoelastic moduli o ka mea a puni ma o ka pilina Stokes-Einstein. Pono kēia ʻenehana i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a no laila maikaʻi no ke aʻo ʻana i nā wai paʻakikī me ka liʻiliʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea waiwai, e laʻa me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka protein. ʻO ka ʻikepili o < Δr²(t)> ʻikepili ma waena o nā kikoʻī alapine ākea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka manaʻo o nā ʻāpana micellar e like me ka nui mesh, lōʻihi entanglement, lōʻihi hoʻomau, a me ka lōʻihi contour. Ua hōʻike ʻo Amin et al i ka hui pū ʻana o CAPB-SLES i nā wānana mai ka manaʻo ʻo Cates, e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka viscosity me ka hoʻohui paʻakai a hiki i ka paʻakai paʻakai koʻikoʻi, ma waho aʻe o ka hāʻule nui ʻana o ka viscosity - kahi pane maʻamau i nā ʻōnaehana WLM Xu a me Amin i hoʻohana i ka mechanical rheometry a me DWS e nānā i ka SLES-CAPB-CCB pane i loko Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo WLM, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā ʻāpana microstructural i ʻike ʻia mai nā ana DWS. Ke kūkulu nei ma luna o kēia mau ʻano hana, ua hoʻohui ka haʻawina i kēia manawa i ka rheometry mechanical a me ka microrheology DWS e wehewehe i ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o ka microstructural e hoʻokau i ka ʻano shear o nā hui ʻana o CAPB-SMCT.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka piʻi ʻana o ka noi no nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe a ʻoi aku ka hoʻomau, ʻo ka ʻimi ʻana i nā surfactants anionic sulfate-free ua loaʻa ka manawa ma muli o nā pilikia hoʻomohala. Hoʻopuka pinepine nā ʻōnaehana molekala ʻokoʻa o nā ʻōnaehana sulfate-free i nā profile rheological ʻokoʻa, hoʻopili i nā hoʻolālā maʻamau no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka viscosity e like me ka paʻakai a i ʻole ka mānoanoa polymeric. No ka laʻana, ʻo Yorke et al. ʻimi i nā mea ʻē aʻe non-sulfate ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ʻana i nā waiwai huʻa a me nā waiwai rheological o nā hui surfactant binary a me ternary me ka alkyl olefin sulfonate (AOS), alkyl polyglucoside (APG), a me ka lauryl hydroxysultaine. Hōʻike ka lakio 1:1 o ka AOS–sultaine i nā hiʻohiʻona shear-thinning a me nā ʻano huʻa e like me CAPB–SLES, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o WLM. ʻO Rajput et al. [26] loiloi i kekahi surfactant anionic sulfate-free, sodium cocoyl glycinate (SCGLY), me ka nonionic co-surfactants (cocamide diethanolamine a me lauryl glucoside) ma o DLS, SANS, a me rheometry. ʻOiai ʻo SCGLY wale nō i hoʻokumu i nā micelles spherical nui loa, ua hiki i ka hoʻohui co-surfactant ke kūkulu i nā morphologies micellar koʻikoʻi, hiki i ka pH-driven modulation.

ʻOiai ʻo kēia mau holomua, he liʻiliʻi nā noiʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā waiwai rheological o nā ʻōnaehana sulfate hoʻomau e pili ana i ka CAPB a me nā taurates. Ke manaʻo nei kēia haʻawina e hoʻopiha i kēia āpau ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i kekahi o nā ʻano rheological systematic mua o ka ʻōnaehana binary CAPB-SMCT. Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana surfactant, ka pH, a me ka ikaika ionic, e wehewehe mākou i nā mea e hoʻokele ana i ka viscosity shear a me ka viscoelasticity. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka rheometry mechanical a me ka microrheology DWS, helu mākou i ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o ka microstructural i lalo o ke ʻano shear o nā hui CAPB-SMCT. Hōʻike kēia mau ʻike i ka pilina ma waena o ka pH, CAPB-SMCT ratio, a me nā pae ionic i ka paipai ʻana a i ʻole ke kāohi ʻana i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o WLM, a laila e hāʻawi ana i nā ʻike kūpono i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao rheological o nā huahana surfactant hoʻomau no nā noi ʻoihana like ʻole.