Acetic acidʻike nui ʻia ʻo ACOH, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ka mea nui o ka vīneka, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea momona momona nui.Loaʻa ke ʻano o ke ʻano manuahi i nā mea kanu he nui.Molekala CH3COOH.ʻO ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka vīnega he mau tausani makahiki.Ma Kina kahiko, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka vīnega.Akā, ʻo ka ʻakika acetic concentrated he puke Kimia kūleʻa i hoʻomohala ʻia e Stahl i ka makahiki 1700. ʻO ka ʻakika acetic maʻemaʻe he wai kala ʻole a he ʻono hoʻonāukiuki.ʻO 16.6 ° C ka helu heheʻe, 117.9 ° C ka wahi e hoʻolapalapa ai, a ʻo 1.049 (20/4 ° C) ka mea hoʻoheheʻe pili.Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ethanol, glycerin, ether a me carbon chloride;hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka carbonide.Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻokikika wai ʻole i loko o ke ʻano hau, i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo ka wai acetic acid.ʻAiʻino.He waika nawaliwali a me ka waika, acidicity o ka waika, a hiki ke hoʻoulu i ka esterization me ka waiʻona.
Nā waiwai kemika:Acetic acid(AcOH) he waika carboxylic mono-weak.Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai o nā waikawa carboxylic.Hoʻopili ʻo ia me kekahi mau metala, metala oxides a me hydroxides e hana i nā paʻakai.Nui nā ʻakika acetic i hoʻohana nui.Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ferric acetate kumu [Fe(C2H3OO)6OH(OOCCH3)2] a me [Fe3(C2H3OO)6(OH)2(OOCCH3)] a me ke kēpau acetate e like me ka mordant, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ferrous acetate no ka paʻi ʻana.Acetic acid a me ka waiʻona i esterified.Hiki ke hana ʻia ka esterification me ka hydrocarbon unsaturated ma lalo o ka hana a ka catalyst.Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka alpha-hydrogen e nā halogens;A me formaldehyde ma lalo o ka hana o ka catalyst, i loko o ka Chemicalbook laina o ka waiʻona aldehyde condensation;Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka waikawa nitric i loko o ka waikawa acetic, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka nui o ka nitrating.Hiki ke hana me ka benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride a me ka waikawa benzoic.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Acetic acid e hana i nā ʻano mea waiwai nui, e like me ka methyl acetate, ethyl ester, propyl ester, butyl ester, etc., he mea hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi loa i ka ʻoihana uhi a pena.ʻO ka cellulose acetate, i hana ʻia e ka pilina o ka acetic anhydride a me ka cellulose, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ka pena paʻi a me nā plastics like ʻole.Hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka Carboxymethyl cellulose e ka chloroacetic acid.ʻO ka vinyl acetate i hana ʻia e ka acetic acid a me ka acetylene he mea waiwai nui ia no ka synthesis o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea ʻala a me nā mea ʻala, a me kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe koʻikoʻi no ka mālama ʻana i ka lāʻau.He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka Acetic acid i ka hana ʻoihana a me ka synthesis organik.
Kahua noi
Hoʻohana ʻenehana
1. Acetic acidhe huahana kemika nui a ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻakika organik koʻikoʻi.Hoʻohana nui ʻia e hana i ka ethidine, ethyls a me ka ethyl acetate.Hiki ke hana ʻia ka polyetate ethyl ester i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a he mea maka no ka Velun fiber synthetic.Hiki i ka Ethyl acetic acid cellulose ke hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni kiʻi kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
2. ʻO ka ethyl acetate i hanaʻia e ka waiʻona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he mea hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi loa ia a hoʻohana nuiʻia i kaʻoihana pena.Ma muli o ka hapa nui o nā mea olaola e hoʻoheheʻe i ka ʻakika acetic, hoʻohana mau ʻia ka ʻakika acetic i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe (no ka laʻana, no ka hana ʻana i ka phenyl acidic acid acid acid acid acid).
3. Hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia ka Acetic waika i loko o kekahi pickled a me ka poli i hoʻonā 'ia, e like me ka buffer (e like me ka galvanizing a me ke kinikini nickel plating) i loko o ka nawaliwali waiʻakika solution, hoʻohui additives i loko o ka hemuminal malamalama nickel -plated electrolyte, a me ka passivation o ka zinc a me ka cadmium. Hiki i ka hoʻonā ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika paʻa o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni passivation a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hoʻoponopono i ka pH o ka plating acidic palupalu.
4. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i ka paʻakai metala, e like me ka manganese, sodium, ke kēpau, aluminika, zinc, cobalt a me nā metala ʻē aʻe, i hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me nā catalysts, nā lole lole a me nā ʻoihana tanning ʻili.ʻO ke alakaʻi ʻawaʻawa ʻo Fouritic kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe synthetic (e like me ka tetraitic acid lead hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he oxidant ikaika, kahi kumu o ka acetyl oxygen, a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā pūhui kepau, etc.).
5. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Acetic acid e like me ka analytical reagents, organic synthesis, pigment and medicine synthesis.
Hoʻohana meaʻai
Ma ka ʻoihana meaʻai,ʻakika acetichoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hana acidified.Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mea ʻala a me nā mea ʻala e hana ai i ka vīnega synthetic, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka acetic acid i 4-5%, a hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole.Māmā.Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe waikawa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea hoʻonaninani.Hoʻomākaukau ʻia e hoʻohana i ka vīnega, nā kini, ka jelly a me ka paʻakai.Hiki iā ʻoe ke haku i nā mea ʻala me 0.1 ~ 0.3 g/kg.
Ka waiho ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana
E mālama i ka mālama ʻana: E kūʻai i loko o kahi hale kūʻai anuanu.E mālama i ke ahi a me ka wela.I ka hoʻoilo, pono e mālama ʻia ka mahana mālama ma luna o 16 ℃ i mea e pale ai i ka paʻa.E hoʻopaʻa i ka pahu.Pono e mālama kaʻawale mai ka oxidant a me ka alkali, a ʻaʻole pono e hui pū ʻia.Hoʻohana ʻia nā kukui pahū a me nā ʻoihana ea.Mai hoʻohana i nā mea hana mechanical a me nā mea hana e maʻalahi i ka ʻā.Pono e hoʻolako ʻia ka wahi e mālama ai me nā lako lapaʻau ulia pōpilikia a me nā mea paʻa kūpono.
Ka mālama ʻana i ka lawe ʻana: E hoʻouna ʻia kēia huahana e nā kaʻa pahu alumini i hāʻawi ʻia e nā ʻoihana alumini i ka wā o ke kaʻaahi kaʻaahi, a e hōʻike ʻia ka ʻae ʻana o nā keʻena kūpono ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana.E hoʻokō pono ʻia ka lawe ʻana i ke kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa ʻole e like me ka papa inoa hoʻopili waiwai pilikia ma ka "Dangerous Goods Transportation Rules" o ka Ministry of Railways.Pono e hoʻopiha ʻia ka paʻi ʻana a palekana ka hoʻouka ʻana.I ka wā o ka lawe ʻana, e hōʻoia ʻaʻole e kahe ka pahu, hāʻule, hāʻule a pōʻino paha.Pono ke kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lawe ʻana i ke kaulahao kumu, a hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi ʻāpana puka i loko o ka pā e hōʻemi i ka uila paʻa i hana ʻia e ka haʻalulu.Hoʻopaʻa loa ʻia ka hui ʻana me ka oxidant, alkali a me nā mea ʻai.Pono nā kaʻa alanui e hahai i ke ala i kuhikuhi ʻia, ʻaʻole e noho ma nā wahi noho a me nā wahi nui.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-23-2023