ʻAkika ʻakikaʻike nui ʻia ʻo ACOH, i kapa ʻia ma hope o ke kumu nui o ka vīnega, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā waikawa momona koʻikoʻi loa. ʻO ke ʻano o ka vīnega manuahi ma ke ʻano maʻamau i loaʻa i nā mea kanu he nui. Molecular CH3COOH. ʻO ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka vīnega he mōʻaukala o nā tausani makahiki. Ma Kina kahiko, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka vīnega. Akā ʻo ka waikawa acetic i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he Chemicalbook holomua i hoʻomohala ʻia e Stahl i ka makahiki 1700. ʻO ka waikawa acetic maʻemaʻe he wai kala ʻole a he ʻono hoʻonāukiuki. ʻO ke kiko heheʻe he 16.6 ° C, ʻo ke kiko paila he 117.9 ° C, a ʻo ka density pili he 1.049 (20/4 ° C). Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ethanol, glycerin, ether a me carbon chloride; hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia i ka carbonide. Hoʻopili ʻia nā crickets wai ʻole wai i loko o ke ʻano hau, i ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ka waikawa acetic hau. Corrosive. He waikawa nāwaliwali a me ka organik, acidity o ka waikawa, a hiki ke hana i nā hopena esterization me ka waiʻona.
Nā waiwai kemika:ʻAkika ʻakikaʻO (AcOH) kahi waikawa carboxylic mono-weak. Loaʻa iā ia nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona o nā waikawa carboxylic. Hoʻopili ia me kekahi mau metala, nā oxides metala a me nā hydroxides e hana i nā paʻakai. He nui nā waikawa acetic he mau hoʻohana koʻikoʻi. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ferric acetate kumu [Fe(C2H3OO)6OH(OOCCH3)2] a me [Fe3(C2H3OO)6(OH)2(OOCCH3)] a me ke kēpau acetate i mea mordant, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ka ferrous acetate no ka paʻi ʻana. Ua esterified ʻia ka waikawa acetic a me ka waiʻona. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka Esterification me ka hydrocarbon unsaturated ma lalo o ka hana a ka catalyst. Hiki ke pani ʻia ka Alpha-hydrogen e nā halogens; A me ka formaldehyde ma lalo o ka hana a ka catalyst, i loko o ka laina Chemicalbook o ka waiʻona aldehyde condensation; Ke nitrated ka waikawa nitric i loko o ka waikawa acetic, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka nui o ka nitrating. Ke hana pū me ka benzoyl chloride, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka acetyl chloride a me ka benzoic acid. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka waikawa acetic e hana i nā ʻano derivatives koʻikoʻi, e like me ka methyl acetate, ethyl ester, propyl ester, butyl ester, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, he mea hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi loa ia i ka ʻoihana uhi a me ka pena. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka cellulose acetate, i hana ʻia e ka hui pū ʻana o ka acetic anhydride a me ka cellulose, e hana i ka ʻiliʻili, ka pena pīpī a me nā plastics like ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka Carboxymethyl cellulose e ka waikawa chloroacetic. ʻO ka vinyl acetate i hana ʻia e ka waikawa acetic a me ka acetylene he mea maka koʻikoʻi ia no ka synthesis o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā dyes a me nā mea ʻala, a me kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe koʻikoʻi no ka mālama ʻana i ka rubber. He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka waikawa acetic i ka hana ʻoihana a me ka synthesis organik.
Kahua noi
Hoʻohana ʻoihana
1. ʻAkika ʻakikaHe huahana kemika nui ia a ʻo ia kekahi o nā waikawa organik koʻikoʻi loa. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia e hana i ka ethidine, ethyls a me ethyl acetate. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka polyetate ethyl ester i loko o kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka mea hoʻopili, a he mea maka nō hoʻi ia no ka fiber synthetic Velun. Hiki i ka cellulose Ethyl acetic acid ke hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni silika a me nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
2. ʻO ka ethyl acetate i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka waiʻona haʻahaʻa he mea hoʻoheheʻe maikaʻi loa ia a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana pena. No ka mea, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea organik e hoʻoheheʻe i ka waikawa acetic, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka waikawa acetic i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik (no ka laʻana, no ka hana ʻana o ka phenyl acid acid acid acid acid).
3. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka waikawa acetic i kekahi mau hopena i hoʻomoʻa ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia, ma ke ʻano he buffer (e like me ka galvanizing a me ka kemika nickel plating) i loko o ka hopena waikawa nāwaliwali, e hoʻohui ana i nā mea hoʻohui i loko o kahi electrolyte nickel-plated hemuminal ʻālohilohi, a me ka passivation o ka zinc a me ka cadmium. Hiki i ka hopena ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa o ka kiʻi passivation a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hoʻoponopono i ka pH o ka plating acidic nāwaliwali.
4. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i ka paʻakai metala, e like me ka manganese, sodium, kēpau, alumini, zinc, cobalt a me nā metala ʻē aʻe, i hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me nā mea hoʻouluulu, ka hoʻoluʻu lole a me nā ʻoihana ʻili. ʻO ke kēpau acid Fouritic kahi mea hana synthetic organik (e like me ke kēpau acid tetraitic hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he oxidant ikaika, kahi kumu o ka acetyl oxygen, a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā hui kēpau organik, a pēlā aku).
5. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka waikawa acetic ma ke ʻano he reagents analytical, synthesis organik, pigment a me ka synthesis lāʻau lapaʻau.
Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka meaʻai
Ma ka ʻoihana meaʻai,waikawa ʻakikahoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea ʻakika. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mea ʻala a me ka mea ʻala e hana i ka vīnega synthetic, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka waikawa acetic i 4-5%, a hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano ʻono like ʻole. Makepono. Ma ke ʻano he mea ʻono waikawa, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā mea ʻala hui. Ua mākaukau e hoʻohana i ka vīnega, nā kini, ka jelly a me ka tīhi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke haku i nā mea ʻala me 0.1 ～ 0.3 g/kg.
Ka mālama ʻana a me ka halihali ʻana
Nā hana palekana no ka mālama ʻana: E mālama i loko o kahi hale kūʻai anuanu a ea. E mālama ʻia mai ke ahi a me ka wela. I ka hoʻoilo, pono e mālama ʻia ka mahana o ka mālama ʻana ma luna o 16℃ i mea e pale ai i ka paʻa ʻana. E hoʻopaʻa pono i ka ipu. Pono e mālama ʻia ma kahi kaʻawale mai ka oxidant a me ka alkali, a ʻaʻole pono e hui pū ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kukui pale pahū a me nā hale ea. Mai hoʻohana i nā lako mīkini a me nā mea hana e maʻalahi i ka ʻā ʻana. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia kahi mālama me nā lako lapaʻau pilikia leak a me nā mea paʻa kūpono.
Nā hana palekana no ka halihali: E hoʻouna ʻia kēia huahana e nā kaʻa pahu alumini i hāʻawi ʻia e nā ʻoihana alumini i ka wā o ka halihali kaʻaahi, a e hōʻike ʻia ka ʻae ʻia o nā keʻena pili ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana. Pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka halihali kaʻaahi ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka pahu e like me ka papa inoa o nā ukana weliweli ma nā "Dangerous Goods Transportation Rules" o ke Kuhina o nā Kaʻaahi. Pono e piha ka hoʻopili ʻana a pono e palekana ka hoʻouka ʻana. I ka wā o ka halihali ʻana, e hōʻoia ʻaʻole e liki, hiolo, hāʻule a hōʻino paha ka pahu. Pono ke kaʻa ʻauwaha (tank) i hoʻohana ʻia i ka halihali ʻana i kahi kaulahao honua, a hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi ʻāpana puka i loko o ke ʻauwaha e hōʻemi i ka uila static i hana ʻia e ka haʻalulu. Kapu loa ke kāwili ʻana me nā oxidant, alkali a me nā kemika ʻai. Pono ka halihali alanui e hahai i ke ala i kuhikuhi ʻia, mai noho ma nā wahi noho a me nā wahi i noho nui ʻia.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-23-2023